College of Animal Science & Livestock Production

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://ir.funaab.edu.ng/handle/123456789/249

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    ASSESSMENTOFCHEMICALCONSTITUENTSOFMILKFROMCATTLE, GOATSANDSHEEPANDYOGHURTMADEFROMTHEIRMILK
    (2025-07-25) AKIN-AINA,OLAWUMIFUNMILAYO
    ABSTRACT Milk and dairy products are essential components ofa balanced diet, providing vital nutrients andhealthbenefits, withtheincreasingdemandforhigh-qualityproducts,itisessential to evaluatethenutritionalcompositionofmilkfromdifferentanimalspecies.Thisstudyexamined theassessmentofchemical constituentsofmilk fromcattle, goatsandsheep andyoghurtmade fromtheirmilk.Freshmilk samples from6whiteFulanicows,10WestAfricandwarfgoatsand 10 West African dwarfsheep intheirfirst andsecond parity, grazing onnaturalpasture during the same season within the same year and stage of lactation were collected in the morning by 7am.Thechemicalconstituents(fat,protein,lactose, solidnon-fat,Ash)ofthemilk andyoghurt weredetermined.Datacollectedweresubjectedtoone-wayanalysisofvarianceusingSPSS. Results showed thechemicalcomtituents ofcattle,goat and sheep milk and yoghurt made from theirmilk.Thechemicalconstituentsofcattlemilk are4.64%fat,3.89%protein,4.3%lactose,q 0.73 % ash, 8.52 % Solid-non-fat (SNF), 5.95 % and 83.56% moisture,while that of goat milk compositioncontains4.03%fat,4.04%protein,4.03%lactose,0.72%ash,8.40%SNF,6.00 %pHand84.21%moistureandthemeansheepmilkcompositionhad7.81%fat,5.37% protein,3.89%lactose,0.72%ash, 9.32%SNF, 6.92% pHand84.32 %moisture.Yoghurt madefromcattlemilkcompositionis4.64%fat,4.07%protein,’4.29%lactose,0.73%ash, 6.81%SNF,5.22%pHand84.08%moisture.Thegoatmilkcompositioncontains4.02%fat, 4.01%protein,4.01% lactose,4.72 % ash, 6.42 % SNF,5.47 %pH and 84.13 % moistureand themeansheepmilkcompositionhad7.87%fat,5.35%protein,3.87%lactose,0.72%ash, 7.47%SNF,6.07%pHand84.28%moisture. MOStcorrelation amDngconstituents ofmilkfromcattle,sheepandgoatwerenotsignificant. Correlation amongconstituents ofyoghurt madefrom cattle,sheep andgoat milkwere not significant. The study concluded that distinct differences was observed in the chemical compositionofmilkfromcattle,goatsandsheepandyoghurtmadefrom theirmilk,withsheep milkandyoghurtmadefromitsmilk havingthehighestfatandprotein content, whilecattleand goatmilk have similar compositions.Thesevariations caninformtheselection ofmilktypes for specificdairyproductsandnutritional needs.
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    ASSESSMENTOFCHEMICALCONSTITUENTSOFMILKFROMCATTLE, GOATSANDSHEEPANDYOGHURTMADEFROMTHEIRMILK
    (2025-07-12) AKIN-AINA,OLAWUMIFUNMILAYO
    ABSTRACT Milk and dairy products are essential components ofa balanced diet, providing vital nutrients andhealthbenefits, withtheincreasingdemandforhigh-qualityproducts,itisessential to evaluatethenutritionalcompositionofmilkfromdifferentanimalspecies.Thisstudyexamined theassessmentofchemical constituentsofmilk fromcattle, goatsandsheep andyoghurtmade fromtheirmilk.Freshmilk samples from6whiteFulanicows,10WestAfricandwarfgoatsand 10 West African dwarfsheep intheirfirst andsecond parity, grazing onnaturalpasture during the same season within the same year and stage of lactation were collected in the morning by 7am.Thechemicalconstituents(fat,protein,lactose, solidnon-fat,Ash)ofthemilk andyoghurt weredetermined.Datacollectedweresubjectedtoone-wayanalysisofvarianceusingSPSS. Results showed thechemicalcomtituents ofcattle,goat and sheep milk and yoghurt made from theirmilk.Thechemicalconstituentsofcattlemilk are4.64%fat,3.89%protein,4.3%lactose,q 0.73 % ash, 8.52 % Solid-non-fat (SNF), 5.95 % and 83.56% moisture,while that of goat milk compositioncontains4.03%fat,4.04%protein,4.03%lactose,0.72%ash,8.40%SNF,6.00 %pHand84.21%moistureandthemeansheepmilkcompositionhad7.81%fat,5.37% protein,3.89%lactose,0.72%ash, 9.32%SNF, 6.92% pHand84.32 %moisture.Yoghurt madefromcattlemilkcompositionis4.64%fat,4.07%protein,’4.29%lactose,0.73%ash, 6.81%SNF,5.22%pHand84.08%moisture.Thegoatmilkcompositioncontains4.02%fat, 4.01%protein,4.01% lactose,4.72 % ash, 6.42 % SNF,5.47 %pH and 84.13 % moisture and themeansheepmilkcompositionhad7.87%fat,5.35%protein,3.87%lactose,0.72%ash, 7.47%SNF,6.07%pHand84.28%moisture. MOStcorrelation amDngconstituents of milk from cattle, sheep and goat were not significant. Correlation among constituents of yoghurt made from cattle, sheep and goat milk were not significant. The study concluded that distinct differences was observed in the chemical composition of milk rom cattle, goats and sheep and yoghurt made from their milk, with sheep milk and yoghurt made from its milk having the highest flatland protein content, while cattle and goatmilk have similar compositions. These variations can inform these lection of milk types for specific dairy products and nutritional needs.
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    EFFECTS OF ALGALBIOMASSON GROWTH, GESTATIONALAND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, DIGESTIBILITY AND BLOOD PARAMETERS OF RABBIT
    (2027-08-15) OGUNYALE, OLUWAFUNMIBIOLUFISAYO
    ABSTRACT Algalbiomassisbeingexploredasasustainablefeedadditiveforrabbitproductionduetoitshigh protein,fiberandnutrientcontent.Thisstudyevaluated theimpactofalgal biomassongrowth performance,gestationalandreproductive performance,digestibility,andbloodparametersof rabbitweanersanddoes.Thestudyconsistedofthreeexperiments.Experiment1investigated theeffectsofalgal biomassongestational performanceanddigestibilityin20rabbitdoes.The animalsweredividedintofourtreatmentsoffivereplicateseach.Algalbiomasswasincludedin thedietat0,0.5,1.0,and1.5%.Experiment2examinedtheresidualeffectofalgalbiomasson growth performance in36weanerrabbitsfromdoesused inExperiment 1,theweanerswere divided into4treatmentscorrespondingtothedoestreatmentsandfurthersub-divided into3 replicates of 3 weaners each. Datawere collected from theanimals fora period of8 weeks. Experiment 3 assessed the residual effect of algal biomass on gestational performance, reproductive performance, digestibility, and blood indices in rabbit does. Animals from experiment1wereusedforthisstudy,underthesameenvironmentalconditionsandmanagement practices except fordietary changes. Thealgal biomass was removed from theirdietand all animalswereswitchedtothebasaldiet.Alldatacollected weresubjected toone-wayAnalysis ofVariance(ANOVA)inacompletelyrandomizeddesign (CRD) usingSAS (2012).Significant means were separatedusing Duncan multipleTestascontained inthesoftware. Theresults showedthatalgalbiomasshadnosignificant (p>0.05)effectongestational performance and nutrientdigestibility in rabbitdoes(Experimentl).Itwasalsorevealed inExperiment 2that withdrawalofalgalbiomassfromdietofweanerrabbitshadnosignificant(p>0.05)effectonthe growthperformance.Experiment3,revealedthatwithdrawalofalgalbiomassdidnotaffect (p>0.05)gestationalperformance,reproductiveperformanceanddigestibility,butsignificantly
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    RESPONSE OF GROWING PULLET CHICKENS TO DIETARY INCLUSION OF PHYTOGENICADDITIVES (ORANGEORLEMONPEEL)AND THE IMPLICATION OF PHYTASE SUPPLEMENTATION.
    (2025-09-11) OKUNADEBlessing Ademola
    ABSTRACT Thetransitionoftheglobalpoultryindustryawayfromantibioticsasgrowthpromotershas intensified interest in the use of phytogenic feed additives as safe and sustainable alternatives. However, primary feed ingredients and some phytogenic additives contain anti-nutritive factors, particularly phytates observed to limit nutrient bioavailability and increaseenvironmental pollutionthroughexcretion,highlightingthenecessity ofincluding phytase,anenzymecapableofhydrolyzingphytates,toenhancenutrientutilizationoffeed. Thisstudyevaluatedtheresponseofgrowingpulletstodietaryinclusionofphytogenicfeed additives(orangeorlemonpeels)withorwithoutphytasesupplementation.Atotalof640 4-week-oldIsaBrowngrowingpulletswereassignedtoeightdietarytreatmentsina4 x2 factorialarrangement, eachwithfourreplicates containing 20birds.Treatments werebasal diet(PC-),basaldietwithoutbonemealandlimestone(NC-),NCwithlemonpeel(NCLP- )andNCwithorange peel(NCOP-)at1g/kgfeedallwithout phytase, beingtreatments 1 to4,and thesamerespective dietswithphytasesupplementationconstituting treatment 5 to8(PC+,NC+,NCLP+andNCOP+respectively).Datacollectedongrowthperformance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) metabolism, and early egg characteristics of growing pullets were subjected to analysis of variance using IBMSPSS (21).Growth performance parameters did not vary significantly (P >0.05) at the main and interaction effects of both phytogenic feed additives and phytase supplementation.Thereweremarkedimprovementsincrudefibreandashdigestibility observedinchickensfedNCOP(67.85,71.130a)comparedwithNC(61.47,62.87%)atthe maineffectofphytogenic additives, whilephytase supplementationresulted in increased ash digestibility from 61.69 to69.75%. For the interaction effect, the highest crude fibre andashdigestibilityvaluesof68.29%and79.85%,respectively,wererecordedfor chickens on NCOP+ diet, whereas for the same parameters, the least values of60.21% and 40.17%, respectively, were observed inchickens fed NC- diet. The main effect of phytase supplementationsignificantlyincreased (P <0.05) some blood parameters such asalbumin (35.68g/L),totalprotein(10.89g/dL),andglobulin(73.34 g/L).PulletsontheNCOP+diet recordedthehighestalbumin(39.73g/L)andtotalprotein(11.45 g/dL).Forthemaineffect, SuperoxideDismutaselevelswerehigher(157.05U/mLand141.00U/mL)inbirdson NCLPandNCOPdiets,respectively,whileMalondialdehydelevelswerelower(67.20 Mmol/Land67.46 Mmol/L)forthesamegroupofbirds.Phytasesupplementation significantlyimproved (P < 0.05) calcium bioavailability (2.62 mg/dL), while phosphorus levels remained constantat 0.10 mg/dLacross treatments.Shell thicknessincreasedfrom 0.96mmto1.41mmforthemain effectofphytasesupplementation,andalbuminwidth was highest (54.85 mm) inbirdsonNCOP dietscompared toNCLP diets(49.25mm).The study concluded that there was an improvementin nutrient digestibilityand blood profileofgrowingpulletbirdsfeddietswithphytogenicfeedadditiveandphytasewithoutnegative impact ongrowth andfirsteggquality.
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    RESPONSE OF RABBIT STODIETS CONTAINING DRIED WATERMELON RIND
    (2025-07-11) OLALERE,FAITH ABISOLA
    ABSTRACT Theincreasingcostofconventionalfeedingredientsnecessitatesexploringalternativefeedsourcesfor sustainablerabbitproduction.Theuseofalternativeenergysourcesuchasdriedwatermelonrindmeal mayreducecostofrabbitproductionThisstudyevaluatedtheeffectofgradedlevelofdriedwatermelon rind(DWMR)asreplacementformaizeonperformanceofweanerandgrowerrabbits.Atotalnumber ofeighty(80)unsexedmixedbreedweanerrabbitswithanaverageweightof630gwereallotedtofour treatmentgroups(0,5,10and15%)inclusionlevelsofDWMR withtwenty(20)rabbitspertreatment onweightequalisationbasis.Thefeedingtriallasted foraperiodof98days withdatacollectedongrowth performance,nutrientdigestibility,blood parameters, carcasscharacteristicsandliverhistology subjected toone-wayanalysisofvariance.Resultsshowedthatnutrientdigestibility forweanerandgrowerrabbit werenotsignificantlydifferent(p>0.05),however,weanerrabbitsfed5%DWMRhadhigher(p<0.05) finalweightandweightgain(1391.25/gand762.31/g)thanthosefed10%DWMRthoughcomparable torabbits fed0and15%DWMR.Conversely, growerrabbits fed15%DWMRrecorded higher(p<0.05) feedintakethanrabbitsfed10%,thoughsimilaras0%and5%DWMR .Costbenefitanalysisofdiets ofweaner and grower rabbitscontaining 0% DWMR hadthe highest feed cost (H559; N545.50) respectively, while15%DWMR had theleastfeedcost(K464;K450.50).Furthermore, theredblood cell(RBC)forweanerrabbitsoncontroldiet(0%DWMR)wassignificantlyhigher(p<0.05)than15% DWMR,butcomparabletoRBCofrabbitson5and10%DWMRdiets.Amonggrowerrabbits,highest (p<0.05)RBC(7.17x10'2/L)wasrecordedat10%DWMR,whileleastvalue(6.55xl012/L)wasrecorded at5%inclusion. Forserum parameters, weaner rabbits fed DWMR at5,10and15% recorded higher (p<0.05)valuesfortotalprotein,albumin,andglobulin,compared tothecontrolgroup,whilehighest (p<0.05)glucose(92.17 mg/dl)wasrecordedat15%,butleastvalues(67.98 mg/dl)at5%forgrower rabbit.Theeviscerated anddressed weights oftherabbits weresignificantly (p<0.05) higher at0and 10%DWMR.Also,hindlimbandchestweightsweresignificantly(p<0.05)influencedwithhigher values at 0, 5 and 10% inclusion levels. Liver, heart and kidney weights varied significantly (p<0.05), withhighestvaluesobservedat10%DWMR.Histologicalanalysisrevealednormalhistologicalstructure at5%inclusionlevels.ThestudyconcludedthatDWMRat5%inclusionlevelisoptimalforbettergrowth performance and cost benefit of weaner rabbits without adverse effect, while 10% inclusion level is recommended for better carcass yield and reduced cost for grower rabbits.
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    RESPONSE OF GUINEA FOWL (Numida meleagris) TO IN OVO INJE
    (2025-09-22) ELETU, TEMITAYO ABISODUN
    ABSTRACT In ovotechnique is an emerging tool in poultry production that enables the direct delivery of nutrients and bioactive compounds to the developing embryo, potentially improving post-hatch performance and physiological outcomes. This study investigated the effects of in ovo administration of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) at different embryonic stages on hatchability, haematology, gut development, and growth in guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). A total of 160 guinea fowl eggs were sourced from a reputable breeder, of which 152 were settable and incubated under standard conditions. On day 21 of incubation, fertility was assessed by candling, and 112 fertile eggs (73.68%) were identified and evenly distributed into four treatment groups (28 eggs per group): a non-injected control and three groups injected with 0.05 mL of pyridoxine solution (100 µg/mL) into the amnion on embryonic days 21, 23, and 25, respectively. At hatch (day 28), 80 keets were allocated into replicates based on number of hatched keets per treatment, and a post-hatch study was conducted over a 10-week period. Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance in a Completely Randomised design, utilizing Minitab® 21.4.1 (Minitab, 2023). The results showed that hatchability was significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the timing of injection; both the control (93.30%) and day 25 group (85.71%) maintained significantly higher hatchability percentage compared to day 21 (57.14%) and day 23 (46.43%) groups. At 7 days old, monocyte of keets from eggs in day 21 group were significantly reduced, while at day 70 days old, red blood cell (RBC) counts were significantly higher in birds from the day 25 group. Keets from eggs injected on day 21 exhibited the highest albumin-to-globulin (A/G) ratio and cholesterol levels, while significantly lower cholesterol concentrations were observed in those injected on days 23 and 25 relative to the control. Moreover, antioxidant enzymes activities specifically glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) with catalase (CAT), and were highest in keets from eggs in day 23 group. Significantly higher liver and jejunal weights, was also observed in keets from eggs in day 25 group, whereas those from the day 21 group recorded the highest caecal weight. In conclusion, administering vitamin B6 in ovo on day 25 of embryonic development did not have adverse effect on hatchability percentage, while enhancing haematological indices and early gut development. Additionally, in ovoinjection on day 23 is considered beneficial for improving serum cholesterol, antioxidation and intestinal muscle structure in guinea fowl.