College of Animal Science & Livestock Production

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://ir.funaab.edu.ng/handle/123456789/249

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 108

A PRPJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE COLLEGE OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
(2024-08-26) RASHEED, YUSUF OLAWALE
ABSTRACT Grass family is undoubtedly the most important plant family to mankind, agriculturally, economically and ecologically. This study evaluated the differences in chemical composition of the grasses, Brachiariaruziziensis, CenchruspurpureusandMegathyrsusmaximus. the grasses were cutback and harvested at 6 weeks from 15cm above ground level. The experiment was subjected to one-way ANOVA with three replicates. The statistical analysis was analyzed using the standard methods outlined by AOAC (1995). The significant means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range of SAS (1999) package. The chemical composition of these grasses were significant differences in Crude Protein (CP), ash, Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) while, the estimated forage quality indices of these grasses were significant differences in Organic Matter (OM) and Metabolizable energy (ME). The higher CP in B. ruziziensis and C. purpureus and the lower value of CP in M. maximus is due to the genetic and environmental factors while, the higher ash content in both C. purpureusand M. maximus lower ash content in B. ruziziensis. B. ruziziensisand C. purpureushad higher CP content compared to M. maximus. Brachiariaruziziensis and C. purpureusare recommended as suitable options for ruminant diets while M. maximuscanbe used in combination with other forages.
ADDITION OF WILD BASIL LEAF POWDER AND ENSILING DURATION ON THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FERMENTATION QUALITY OF CENCHRUS PURPUREUSSILAGE
(2024-11-15) MAJEKODUNMI, ABDUL-QADIR OLUGBENGA
ABSTRACT This study investigates the effects of wild basil (Ocimum basilicum) leaf powder inclusion and ensiling duration on the physical characteristics and fermentation quality of Cenchrus purpureus silage. The research aimed to assess how varying inclusion rates of wild basil (0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, and 8%) at different ensiling durations (3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks) influence key silage parameters. Results indicated that wild basil inclusion did not independently affect the colour, odour, moisture, or moldiness of the silage; however, the interaction between inclusion rates and storage duration had significant impacts. The colour of the silage was better preserved with 4% and 8% wild basil inclusion at 9 weeks, likely due to the antioxidant properties of basil. Moldiness decreased over time, particularly at higher basil concentrations, suggesting antifungal properties. The study also found that the highest dry matter contentwith 8% inclusionat 3 weeks and lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid levels at 3 weeks were achieved with 0% and 1% wild basil inclusion, enhancing overall silage quality. Ammonia concentrations were reduced, and the Fleigh score, a measure of silage quality was highest at 8% wild basil inclusion at 6 weeks, indicating superior preservation and fermentation quality. The findings suggest that while wild basil does not alter the physical characteristics of silage alone, its interaction with storage duration can significantly enhance silage quality, particularly in terms of mold reduction, colour preservation, and fermentation efficiency.
ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTORS AND MINERAL CONTENTS OF DIFFERENT LEGUMES AS AFFECT BY DIFFERENT PROCESSING METHODS.
(2024-11-23) JUNAID, SEFIU AYODELE
ABSTRACT This research was conducted to antinutritional factors and mineral contents of different legumes as affect by different processing methods. The study was laid out as 3 x 2 factorial arrangements in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replicates (Blocks). The 3 factors were processing methods (fresh, wilt and Sundry) and legumes (Lima bean/Butter bean; (Phaseolus lunatus) and Sensitive jointvetch (Aeschynomene histrix). Data collected were subjected to twoways analysis of variance and the treatment means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range. Results showed that processing methods on the antinutritional factors of some selective legume in were significant (p<0.05) different, highest value of Phytate (0.64mg/kg) were recorded in A. histrix while Oxalate, Sponin, and Tannin have highest value on P. lunatus (2200.00, 3565.36, and 571.72mg/kg). Effect of processing methods on mineral content of some selective legume were significant (p<0.05), CP, P, Mg, k, Cu, and Mn have higher content of (0.37, 0.25, 0.35, 0.17, and 0.18g/100g) were found respectively in A. histrix along the table. Interaction effect of species and drying methods on antinutritional factors and mineral content of some selected legumes were significantly (p<0.05) except Phytate which have higher value in A. histrix without processing,Oxalate, Saponin and Tannin were observed with higher value in P. lunatus without any processing methods. All mineral content Ca, P, Mg, K, Cu, and Mn were recorded with higher value in A. histrix with sun dry processing methods. It was concluded from the result that Sun drying can abduct as a means of forage processing for reduced anti-nutritional factors and high mineral contents.
ASSESSMENTOFCHEMICALCONSTITUENTSOFMILKFROMCATTLE, GOATSANDSHEEPANDYOGHURTMADEFROMTHEIRMILK
(2025-07-12) AKIN-AINA,OLAWUMIFUNMILAYO
ABSTRACT Milk and dairy products are essential components ofa balanced diet, providing vital nutrients andhealthbenefits, withtheincreasingdemandforhigh-qualityproducts,itisessential to evaluatethenutritionalcompositionofmilkfromdifferentanimalspecies.Thisstudyexamined theassessmentofchemical constituentsofmilk fromcattle, goatsandsheep andyoghurtmade fromtheirmilk.Freshmilk samples from6whiteFulanicows,10WestAfricandwarfgoatsand 10 West African dwarfsheep intheirfirst andsecond parity, grazing onnaturalpasture during the same season within the same year and stage of lactation were collected in the morning by 7am.Thechemicalconstituents(fat,protein,lactose, solidnon-fat,Ash)ofthemilk andyoghurt weredetermined.Datacollectedweresubjectedtoone-wayanalysisofvarianceusingSPSS. Results showed thechemicalcomtituents ofcattle,goat and sheep milk and yoghurt made from theirmilk.Thechemicalconstituentsofcattlemilk are4.64%fat,3.89%protein,4.3%lactose,q 0.73 % ash, 8.52 % Solid-non-fat (SNF), 5.95 % and 83.56% moisture,while that of goat milk compositioncontains4.03%fat,4.04%protein,4.03%lactose,0.72%ash,8.40%SNF,6.00 %pHand84.21%moistureandthemeansheepmilkcompositionhad7.81%fat,5.37% protein,3.89%lactose,0.72%ash, 9.32%SNF, 6.92% pHand84.32 %moisture.Yoghurt madefromcattlemilkcompositionis4.64%fat,4.07%protein,’4.29%lactose,0.73%ash, 6.81%SNF,5.22%pHand84.08%moisture.Thegoatmilkcompositioncontains4.02%fat, 4.01%protein,4.01% lactose,4.72 % ash, 6.42 % SNF,5.47 %pH and 84.13 % moisture and themeansheepmilkcompositionhad7.87%fat,5.35%protein,3.87%lactose,0.72%ash, 7.47%SNF,6.07%pHand84.28%moisture. MOStcorrelation amDngconstituents of milk from cattle, sheep and goat were not significant. Correlation among constituents of yoghurt made from cattle, sheep and goat milk were not significant. The study concluded that distinct differences was observed in the chemical composition of milk rom cattle, goats and sheep and yoghurt made from their milk, with sheep milk and yoghurt made from its milk having the highest flatland protein content, while cattle and goatmilk have similar compositions. These variations can inform these lection of milk types for specific dairy products and nutritional needs.
ASSESSMENTOFCHEMICALCONSTITUENTSOFMILKFROMCATTLE, GOATSANDSHEEPANDYOGHURTMADEFROMTHEIRMILK
(2025-07-25) AKIN-AINA,OLAWUMIFUNMILAYO
ABSTRACT Milk and dairy products are essential components ofa balanced diet, providing vital nutrients andhealthbenefits, withtheincreasingdemandforhigh-qualityproducts,itisessential to evaluatethenutritionalcompositionofmilkfromdifferentanimalspecies.Thisstudyexamined theassessmentofchemical constituentsofmilk fromcattle, goatsandsheep andyoghurtmade fromtheirmilk.Freshmilk samples from6whiteFulanicows,10WestAfricandwarfgoatsand 10 West African dwarfsheep intheirfirst andsecond parity, grazing onnaturalpasture during the same season within the same year and stage of lactation were collected in the morning by 7am.Thechemicalconstituents(fat,protein,lactose, solidnon-fat,Ash)ofthemilk andyoghurt weredetermined.Datacollectedweresubjectedtoone-wayanalysisofvarianceusingSPSS. Results showed thechemicalcomtituents ofcattle,goat and sheep milk and yoghurt made from theirmilk.Thechemicalconstituentsofcattlemilk are4.64%fat,3.89%protein,4.3%lactose,q 0.73 % ash, 8.52 % Solid-non-fat (SNF), 5.95 % and 83.56% moisture,while that of goat milk compositioncontains4.03%fat,4.04%protein,4.03%lactose,0.72%ash,8.40%SNF,6.00 %pHand84.21%moistureandthemeansheepmilkcompositionhad7.81%fat,5.37% protein,3.89%lactose,0.72%ash, 9.32%SNF, 6.92% pHand84.32 %moisture.Yoghurt madefromcattlemilkcompositionis4.64%fat,4.07%protein,’4.29%lactose,0.73%ash, 6.81%SNF,5.22%pHand84.08%moisture.Thegoatmilkcompositioncontains4.02%fat, 4.01%protein,4.01% lactose,4.72 % ash, 6.42 % SNF,5.47 %pH and 84.13 % moistureand themeansheepmilkcompositionhad7.87%fat,5.35%protein,3.87%lactose,0.72%ash, 7.47%SNF,6.07%pHand84.28%moisture. MOStcorrelation amDngconstituents ofmilkfromcattle,sheepandgoatwerenotsignificant. Correlation amongconstituents ofyoghurt madefrom cattle,sheep andgoat milkwere not significant. The study concluded that distinct differences was observed in the chemical compositionofmilkfromcattle,goatsandsheepandyoghurtmadefrom theirmilk,withsheep milkandyoghurtmadefromitsmilk havingthehighestfatandprotein content, whilecattleand goatmilk have similar compositions.Thesevariations caninformtheselection ofmilktypes for specificdairyproductsandnutritional needs.
ASSOCIATION OF KRUPPEL-LIKE FACTOR-15 (KLF 15) GENE (EXON 2) POLYMORPHISM WITH BODY WEIGHT AND MORPHOMETRIC TRAITS IN IMPROVED NIGERIAN INDIGENOUS CHICKENS
(2024-07-25) BABALOLA, Diran Afolabi
ABSTRACT Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) are transcriptional regulators that are members of the zinc-finger family, crucial for the expression, development, and differentiation of several mammalian cell types. This study was carried out to determine the relationship between KLF 15 gene polymorphism, body weight and morphometric traits in Nigerian indigenous chickens (NIC). A total of 250-day-old chick of Nigerian indigenous chickens were procured; and over the course of eight weeks, data on the morphometric traits of the birds were collected including the live body weight of the birds. At 8 weeks of age, a total of sixty (60) chickens were selected at random having 20 birds selected for each genotype while blood samples were collected from the chickens. Preliminary analysis including main and interaction effects of sex, chicken genotype, and KLF 15 genotype on body weight and morphometric traits were done but the effects of interaction were not significant while the evolutionary analysis was also conducted using Molecular Evolution and Genetic Analysis (MEGA X) software. The effects of genotype on body weight of NIC indicated that at weeks 4, 6, 7 and 8, normal feather chicken had significantly highest body weight (386.66±18.93g, 772.48±30.96, 1034.37±52.03g, 1158.13±51.99g) compared to naked neck (380.18±16.9g, 753.56±34.74g, 940.92±42.31g, 1140.06±45.63g) and frizzle feather (322.54±17.84g, 627.64±35.48g, 857.78±44.53g, 943.35±53.15g), respectively. The effect of genotype showed that Normal feather chicken had significantly (P<0.05) highest body length (19.15±0.40cm; 20.71±0.46cm) at week 7 and 8, respectively, compared to Frizzle feather and Naked neck. For thigh length, Frizzle feather chicken genotype was significantly higher (12.81±0.54cm) compared to Naked neck chickens. The Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) patterns showed the genotypes of KLF 15 gene displayed the PCR products of size 1000bp DNA ladder with a single, specific and non-specific bands possessing two homozygous genotypes denoted as AA, BB, and one heterozygous genotype denoted as AB. Observed alleles and genotypic frequencies of KLF 15 gene locus in the chickens’ populations showed that AA was the only genotype to be the most common among the chickens. The highest genetic identity was observed between Naked neck and Frizzle feather chickens (0.995); and Normal feather and Frizzle feather chickens (0.995). The association of KLF 15 gene with body weight and morphometric traits of Nigerian indigenous chicken at various weeks showed that KLF 15 genotype AA, AB and BB with body weight and span length had significant (p<0.05) association at week 7, wing length at week 2 and week 8. It can be concluded that Normal feather chickens were superior to other genotypes in body weight and most body measurements and similar trend was observed for male chickens compared to female chickens while the evolutionary analysis showed that Normal feathers and Naked necks are closely related. Considering the superior body weight and measurements, Normal Feather chickens can be selectively bred to improve these traits across the population.
BG-IV GENE EXPRESSION AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH IMMUNE RESPONSE TRAITS IN NIGERIAN LOCALLY-ADAPTED TURKEYS CHALLENGED WITH ATTENUATED ANTIGENS OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS
(2024-09-20) EMMANUEL, HAPPINESS OSHIOGHIEME
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND FORAGE QUALITY INDICES OF Megathyrsus maximus, Puerariaphaseoloides AND THEIR MIXTURES
(2024-09-03) LALLA, EMMANUEL OLUWATIMILEHIN
ABSTRACT Ruminants in the tropics are raised predominantly on grasses which are inherently poor in digestibility, nutritive value, and availability in the off-season. A study was carried out to evaluate the chemical composition and forage quality indices of Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass), Puerariaphaseoloides (Tropical kudzu) and their mixtures.The study was a one way analysis design with 3 pasture types (Megathyrsus maximus, Puerariaphaseoloides and Megathyrsus/Puerariamixtures).Which was replicated (3) times.Data obtained from this experiment will be analyzed using one-way analysis of variance option of the SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics 23) software. Treatment means were statistically compared using Duncan's Multiple Range Test to identify differences between means and significant differences were declared if P<0.05. The results revealed that crude protein and NFC contents followed the order Puerariaphaseoloides>M. maximus / P. phaseoloides>Megathyrsus maximus. Puerariaphaseoloideshad the least ether extract (EE) content, while the M. maximus / P. phaseoloides and Megathyrsus maximus treatments had comparable higher (p<0.05) EE values. The M. maximus / P. phaseoloides mixture had a significantly (p<0.05) higher NDF contents than Puerariaphaseoloides. The M. maximus / P. phaseoloides mixture had significantly (p<0.05) higher ADL content than the pure P. phaseoloidesand M. maximus treatments. Megathyrsus maximus had the highest (p<0.05) CHO value, while P. phaseoloides and the M. maximus / P. phaseoloides mixture had comparable lower values. P. phaseoloides had significantly (p<0.05) higher DMI than both the M. maximus and the M. maximus / P. phaseoloides treatments, Puerariaphaseoloideshad a significantly (p<0.05) higher RFV than M. maximus, but had similar RFV with values recorded for M. maximus / P. phaseoloides. In Conclusion, Puerariaphaseoloidescan be included into grass for increased protein and energy level in animals.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION OF MEGATHYRSUS MAXIMUS ANDLEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALALEAF MEAL AS INFLUENCED BY MORINDA LUCIDA INCLUSION
(2024-08-05) SOBOWALE, TEMILOLUWA OMOLADE
ABSTRACT This study investigates the impact of inclusion levels of Morindalucida on the chemical composition and in vitro gas production of a lead tree (Leucaenaleucocephala) and guinea grass (Megathyrsusmaximus) leaf meal. Parameters evaluated included proximate composition, in vitro gas production and fiber fractions of M. maximus - L. leucocephala leaf meal with, varying levels of Morindalucida inclusion. The findings revealed that TM2 with 70% M. maximus and 30 % L. leucocephala with no M. lucida, was at par (P>0.05) with TM3 which was 100: 25: 5% inclusion of the inclusion of Morindalucida; andthey significantly enhanced the crude protein content and overall nutritional value of the M. maximus - L. leucocephalaleaf meal. Additionally, the study demonstrates that Morindalucida improves rumen fermentation efficiency, as indicated by increased in vitro gas production. This suggests that Morindalucida could be a valuable feed additive for improving ruminant nutrition at an inclusion level not higher than 5%.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF Cenchrus purpureusHARVESTED IN THE DRY SEASON AND ENSILED WITH LAYER MANURE
(2025-01-25) ADEGOKE, NAHEEMAT TEMITAYO
ABSTRACT This study evaluated the chemical composition of Cenchrus purpureus (elephant grass) harvested during the dry season and ensiled with layer manure under varying conditions to improve its nutritional value for livestock during feed-scarce periods. A 4 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment investigated the effects of ensiling duration (0, 21, 42, and 63 days), manure type (air-dried and fermented), and manure inclusion levels (0% and 5%), with each treatment replicated three times. The forage was harvested at 15 cm above ground level, chopped into 2–3 cm lengths, and wilted for 24 hours. Layer manure air-dried and fermented for 21 days, was mixed with the forage and compressed into 400–500 ml silos.AOAC Official Methods of Analysis and Van Soest et al. (1991)was used to calculate theproximate,fiber and mineral analysis.Near-Infrared Spectroscopy machine was used to analyze the nutritional component of the samples. The result was calculated using (SAS) 1999 package. The highest crude protein (CP) content (12.79%) was observed in unensiled cenchrus purpureuscombined with 5% fermented manure, while the lowest (9.35%) occurred when ensiled for 21 days without manure. Dry matter (DM) content was highest (91.75%) in cenchrus purpureusensiled for 63 days without manure and lowest (90.92%) when ensiled for 21 days with 5% fermented manure. Ether extract (EE) peaked (1.88%) incenchrus purpureus ensiled for 21 days with 5% air-dried manure, while crude fiber (CF) was highest (20.56%) when ensiled for 63 days with 5% air-dried manure.Fiber analysis showed significant variations in neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL). The highest NDF (68.96%) was observed in unensiled cenchrus purpureus without manure, while the lowest (61.47%) was found in cenchrus purpureus ensiled for 63 days with 5% fermented manure. ADF levels, which indicate cellulose and lignin content, were lowest (40.96%) in unensiled cenchrus purpureuswith 5% air-dried manure and highest (47.21%) in cenchrus purpureusensiled for 42 days without manure. ADL content was highest (7.09%) in cenchrus purpureusensiled for 63 days with 5% fermented manure, highlighting the role of lignin in fiber rigidity and digestibility. The highest calcium content (5.30%) was observed in cenchrus purpureus ensiled for 63 days, while the highest phosphorus content (3.48%) was recorded when unensiled with 5% fermented manure. The study concludes that unensiled Cenchrus purpureus with 5% air-dried manure is optimal for maximizing crude protein content, while ensiling with 5% fermented manure for 21 to 63 days enhances fiber digestibility and mineral bio-availability.
CLIMATE VARIABILITY IN ARABLE CROPS FARMING IN SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA: ENVIRONMENTAL COST IMPLICATIONS AND EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ADAPTATION STRATEGIES
(2024-09-25) SOWUNMI, EMMANUEL OLATUBOSUN
ABSTRACT The environmental cost of climate variability poses significant challenges to agricultural productivity and economic stability, particularly in regions heavily reliant on arable crop farming. This research assessed the environmental cost implications and the effectiveness of adaptation strategies to climate variability in arable crops farming in the study area. Secondary data from geo-information pool and primarily sourced data were collected. These were used for examining the implications of temperature, rainfall variations and patterns, and undertaking relevant economic analyses. The multi-stage sampling procedure was used to draw a total sample of 392 arable crop farmers in both Oyo and Ogun States in South-West Nigeria. The study used descriptive statistics and Dichotomous-Choice Contingent Valuation Method (DC-CVM) that terminated into the logit regression model. The DC-CVM was used to determine the economic valuation of the environmental implications of climate variability. In addition, production function-based valuation technique was used to determine the respective influences and implications of climate drivers and other socioeconomic factors on farming profitability. The geo-information data analyzed recorded a higher climate variability index in Ogun (0.79) than Oyo State (0.29), indicating that climate is more stable in Oyo than Ogun State. The DC-CVM projected an annual economic burden of ₦1,751,809,382.78 per farming season, indicating the amount the farmers are willing to pay (WTP) to mitigate the effects of climate variability. The coefficient of bid (p< 0.01) and occupation (p< 0.05) were negative and had the likelihood of significantly influencing farmers' WTP, while household size had the likelihood of positively and significantly (p< 0.01) influencing WTP. The Return On Investment (ROI) of arable crop farmers was N40.04. The multiple regression analysis showed that the farmers' age significantly (p< 0.05) influenced the ROI negatively, while marital status (p< 0.05), access to extension service (p< 0.10) and the adoption of intercropping (p<0.01) and agroforestry (p< 0.01) influenced the ROI positively. In addition, the negative relationship observed between climate variability index and the ROI indicated that climate variability reduces the profitability of farmers. This statistically insignificance can be explained by the temporal nature of climate variability as compared to what operates in the long term climate change. Among the available climate adaptation methods adopted by the farmers, agroforestry seemed most plausibly effective, though adoption by sampled farmers looked less feasible due to the seemingly high average cost of adoption totaling ₦76,414.29/planting season. Other strategies being utilized by the farmers at various levels are enhanced irrigation, improved seed varieties and intercropping. However, ongoing obstacles concerning practicality, cost, and information sharing highlight the necessity of focused policy measures to support farmers' ability to adopt and expand climate-smart farming techniques. It is therefore imperative for policy makers and relevant stakeholders, to make sufficient funds available in support of effective climate adaptation plans.
COMBINED EFFECTS OF TWO PHYTOGENIC LEAF POWDER AT GRADED INCLUSION LEVELS ON NATURAL TOXICANTS OF A GRASS-BROWSE LEAF MEAL
(2024-08-05) ODUSAMI, BOLUWAPE EMMANUEL
ABSTRACT The study was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of two phytogenic feed (Azadirachtaindica(neem) and Morindalucida(morinda)) leaf powder at graded inclusion levels on the natural toxicants of a grass-browse (Megathyrsusmaximus – Leucaenaleucocephala) leaf meal. The experiment was designed using a completely randomized design, with different combinations of Megathyrsusmaximusand Leucaenaleucocephala leaf meal, with the inclusion of neem leaf and Morindalucidaleaf powder at different proportions as follows: TN1(Megathyrusus maximus100%) TN2(Megathyrsusmaximus70% andLeucaenaleucocephala 30%) TN3(Megathyrsusmaximus70% ,Leucaenaleucocephala 25% and Neem 5%) TN4(Megathyrsusmaximus70% ,Leucaenaleucocephala 20% and Neem 10%) TN5(Megathyrsusmaximus70% ,Leucaenaleucocephala 15% and Neem 15%) TN6(Megathyrsusmaximus70% ,Leucaenaleucocephala 10% and Neem 20%) TN7(Megathyrsusmaximus70% ,Leucaenaleucocephala 5% and Neem 25%) TN8(Megathyrsusmaximus70% ,Leucaenaleucocephala 0% and Neem 30%). Phytochemical analysis revealed significant effects (p<0.05) of the treatments on the levels of these natural toxicants. The results indicated that the inclusion of neem leaf and morindalucida powder in the diet significantly reduced the levels of tannin, while also impacting saponin and phytate content. Tannin content ranged from 45.50 in TNM4 TO 76.33 in TNM3, Saponin content was lowest in 0.87 with higher values recorded TN2 and TN3.The values of oxalate content ranged from 0.77-1.65 with the highest value recorded for TN2 and TM2 and the least value in TNM7 while also impacting saponin and phytate contents. The study concluded that Tannin content was higher in TNM3 with lower saponin, oxalate content was lowest in TNM7 and highest for TNM1, saponin content was highest for TNM2. The study recommends TNM4 which contains the relatively low
COMPARISON OF THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF DIFFERENT BRACHIARIA SPECIES
(2025-01-22) BABATUNDE, AYODELE OLUWASEGUN
ABSTRACT The study is a completely randomized design. The result revealed that feed resources that are of high quality and balanced nutrition are required for a sustainable and profitable livestock production in the whole world. However, these feeds are unavailable in good quality and quantity during the off season thus limiting livestock production in the tropics. The study evaluated the nutritive quality of different Brachiaria species (Brachiariadecumbens, B. ruziziensis, B. cobra) during rainy season. The Crude Protein content was (p<0.05) higher in Brachiaria cobra compared to the significantly lower value recorded for B.ruziziensis while there is no significant difference in thce Neutral Detergent Fibre for all the Brachiaria spp. The Metabolizable Energy value was significantly (p<0.005) higher in Brachiariaruziziensis compared to B. cobra. Brachiaria cobra had the highest crude protein and ash contents while Brachiariaruziziensis had the highest ME, with lower NDF, ADF, and ADL values than B. cobra and B. decumbens.
COMPARISON OF TWO GENOTYPES AND THREE MILKING METHODS ON LACTATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF RABBITS AND GROWTH PARAMETERS OF THEIR KITS
(2025-02-15) OLUMOKO, OLUWADAMILARE ADELAJA
ABSTRACT This study evaluated the comparison of two genotypes and three milking methods (MM) on lactational performance of rabbits does and growth parameters of their kits over two lactation periods. Thirty (30) rabbits does in their first parity, weighing between 2 - 4 kg were used for the study, consisting of genotypes; 15 New Zealand white (NZW) and 15 Hyla, and were randomly assigned into 3 groups of different MM at first and second lactations. The rabbits were housed in individual wooden hutch with a slatted floor and fed twice daily with a combination of concentrate and Tridax procumbens in a ratio 50: 50. Milking of the does was done at 08:00 am, once per week for 6 weeks while milk samples for composition was collected on the day of kindling, 14th, 28th and 42nd day respectively. Results showed that high daily milk yield (DMY), total milk yield (TMY) and peak milk yield (PMY) were recorded in rabbits milked through suckle-hand (SH) and weigh-suckle-weigh (WSW) methods compared to hand milking (HM) method. The DMY, TMY and PMY were not influenced (p>0.05) by genotype at both lactations. Interactions between MM and genotype influenced (p<0.05) milk yields at both lactation periods. Hyla does milked with SH (at first lactation) and WSW (at second lactation) methods had the highest milk yields. Genotype influenced (p<0.05) milk colostrum, milk constituents and kit growth performance at both lactations. The kit weaning weight (KWW) and pre-weaning mortality (PWM) were influenced by genotype and MM. Rabbits milked with WSW method had more KWW compared to SH and HM methods while does milked with SH method had the least PWM at both lactations compared to WSW and HM methods. At the first lactation, a significant correlation between milk yield and milk constituents were observed in both genotypes. In NZW does, a weak and negative relationship was observed between milk yield and total solids (r= -0.293); moderate with lactose (r= 0.335); weak and positive correlation with milk moisture (r= 0.291). In Hyla does, however a weak and negative correlation was observed between milk yield and fat (r= -0.355); protein (r= -0.461), but a positive and moderate correlation with lactose (r= 0.404) and solid non-fat (r=0.367). At the second lactation, a significant correlation between milk yield and milk constituents of NZW does was observed to have a weak and negative relationship with fat (r= -0.387), protein (r= -0.214), total solid (r= -0.356) and ash (r= -0.210) but positive and moderate with milk moisture (r= 0.355). In Hyla does, milk yield had a positive and moderate relationship with lactose (r=0.428) and solid non-fat (r=0.366). The study concluded that high milk yields were obtained in rabbits milked by SH and WSW methods while genotype had no influence on milk yields. The milk composition, KWW and PWM were influenced by genotype at both lactations. Therefore, Hyla does are recommended for rabbit production based on their milk quality, milk production and kit survival also SH method of milking should be adopted for milking of rabbits.
DIETARY EFFECTS OF Monitor dicacharantia LEAF POWDER ON INVITRO GAS PRODUCTION AND GROWTH PERFORMANCEOFWEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS
(2025-07-10) RAHMAN ABIBAT FOLASHADE
DIETARY EFFECTS OF Monitor dicacharantia LEAF POWDER ON INVITRO GAS PRODUCTION AND GROWTH PERFORMANCEOFWEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS
(2025-07-14) RAHMAN ABIBAT FOLASHADE
DRY SEASON DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF VITAMIN A (RETINOL) ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, HAEMATOLOGY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS BIOMARKERS OF PREGNANT WEST AFRICAN DWARF EWES
(2023-11-30) ADEDIRAN Inioluwa Adegbenga
ABSTRACT This study investigated the influence of dietary supplementation of Vitamin A (Retinol) on growth performance, Haematology and oxidative stress biomakers of pregnant West African dwarf ewes. A total of eighteen (18) matured ewes (14 -16kg) were used for the experiment. The ewes were randomly assigned to three (3) treatment groups consisting of six (6) replicates. The animals were allotted to three (3) experimental diets: Treatment 1 (control) Basal diet and without Vitamin A. Treatment 2 diet supplemented with 140,000IU vit A per Kg; and Treatment 3 for diet supplemented with 280,000IU vitamin A per Kg in a completely randomized design (CRD). Data were collected for growth performance characteristics, haematological and serum biochemical indices and oxidative stress parameters were analyzed using One Way Analysis of Variance while Tukey's test was used to separate significantly different means. Results indicated that all parameters on the growth performance measured were not significantly (p>0.05) influenced by the levels of vitamin A supplementation. Haematological and serum parameters at the onset of the experiment were statistically (p>0.05) different except for haemoglobin, white blood cell and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed across the treatments at the final phase for most of the blood parameters assessed, except for Eosinophils, Basophils, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin while the control group and groups fed 280,000IU vitamin A similarly elevated the packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red blood cell and lymphocytes when compared to those offered 140,000IU. It was observed that serum indices measured at the final phase were not significantly (p>0.05) affected except cholesterol. Blood cholesterol reduced as the inclusion level of Vitamin A Increased with ewes in the control group (0IU) having the highest (95.39mg/dl) cholesterol while those in group fed diet containing 280,000IU of Vitamin A had the least (34.10mg/dl). The blood minerals measured were significantly (p<0.05) affected Fe and Ca. Malondialdehyde, Glutathione and Glutathione peroxidase were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by dry season dietary supplementation of vitamin A. Ewes on diet containing 280,000IU had the highest value (12.13μmol/L) while those fed diet containing 140,000IU had the least malondialdehyde value (7.83 μmol/L). Highest Glutathione peroxidase value of 11.03U/g Hb was observed in ewes on the control diet while those fed diet containing 280,000IU vitamin A had the least value (8.68U/g Hb). This study, therefore concluded that vitamin A supplementation reduced blood cholesterol, malondialdehyde level and increased Zn and Mg content in West African Dwarf ewes and vitamin A supplementation can be recommended to maintain normal growth performance, health and oxidative stability.
DRY SEASON DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF VITAMIN A (RETINOL) ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, HAEMATOLOGY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS BIOMARKERS OF PREGNANT WEST AFRICAN DWARF EWES
(2023-11-25) ADEDIRAN Inioluwa Adegbenga
ABSTRACT This research investigated the influence of dietary supplementation of Vitamin A (Retinol) on growth performance, Haematology and oxidative stress biomakers of pregnant West African dwarf ewes. A total of eighteen (18) matured ewes (14 -16kg) were used for the experiment. The ewes were assigned randomly to three (3) treatment groups consisting of six (6) replicates. The animals were allotted to three (3) experimental diets: Treatment 1 (control) Basal diet and without Vitamin A. Treatment 2 diet supplemented with 140,000IU vit A per Kg; and Treatment 3 for diet supplemented with 280,000IU vitamin A per Kg in a completely randomized design (CRD). Data were collected for growth performance characteristics, haematological and serum biochemical indices and oxidative stress parameters were analyzed using One Way Analysis of Variance while Tukey's test was used to separate significantly different means. Results indicated that all parameters on the growth performance measured were not significantly (p>0.05) influenced by thelevels of vitamin A supplementation. Haematological and serum parameters at the onset of the experiment were statistically (p>0.05) different except for haemoglobin, white blood cell and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed across the treatments at the final phase for most of the blood parameters assessed, except for Eosinophils, Basophils, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin while the control group and groups fed 280,000IU vitamin A similarly elevated the packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red blood cell and lymphocytes when compared to those offered 140,000IU. It was observed that serum indices measured at the final phase were not significantly (p>0.05)affected except cholesterol. Blood cholesterol reduced as the inclusion level of Vitamin A Increased with ewes in the control group (0IU) having the highest (95.39mg/dl) cholesterol while those in group fed diet containing 280,000IU of Vitamin A had the least (34.10mg/dl). The blood minerals measured were significantly (p<0.05) affected Fe and Ca. Malondialdehyde, Glutathione and Glutathione peroxidase were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by dry season dietary supplementation of vitamin A. Ewes on diet containing 280,000IU had the highest value (12.13µmol/L) while those fed diet containing 140,000IU had the leastmalondialdehyde value (7.83µmol/L). Highest Glutathione peroxidase value of 11.03U/gHb was observed in ewes on the control diet while those fed diet containing 280,000IU vitamin A had the least value (8.68U/gHb). This study, therefore concluded that vitamin Asupplementation reduced blood cholesterol, malondialdehyde level and increased Zn and Mg content in West African Dwarf ewes and vitamin A supplementation can be recommended to maintain normal growth performance, health and oxidative stability.
EFFECT OF ALGAL BIOMASS SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE PERFORMANCE AND WELFARE OF RABBIT DOES
(2024-11-20) FAJENYO, IYANUOLUWA BABATUNDE
ABSTRACT Rabbit mortality is a major problem that limits the performance of rabbit and also serves as a poor indicator for welfare in rabbit production. Several efforts have been made to increase the survival rate of rabbit, including efforts to supplements maternal diets with polyunsaturated fatty acid especially DHA. This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of dietary inclusion of algal biomass (DHA gold) onperformance and welfare of rabbit does and survivability of kits. A total number of 20 Rabbit does of mixed breed with an average weight of 1.8 kg were allotted into 4 treatments each consisting of five replicates in a completely randomized design. Algal biomass was included in the basal diet at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%. Blood samples for analyses were taken via ear vein after 2 weeks of feeding trial. The experiment lasted (8) eight weeks (Four weeks of gestation and four weeks post parturition). Data generated on haematological, serum biochemical parameters, reproductive performance indices (doe weight, conception, gestation period, litter size, kit weight, and percent survivability of the kit) and Kit vitality and behaviour of rabbit does were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. The results revealed that litter size (7.33) and kit weight (50.59g) were significantly (P < 0.05) highest in does fed 1.5% algal biomass. Conception, kindling period, and kitten survivability increased (P>0.05) with increased level of algal biomass inclusion. Furthermore, the results showed that algal biomass supplementation did not influence (p>0.05) all the haematological and serum biochemical parameters as they were all similar across all groups. Moreso, the results also showed that the Vitality of the kitten (latency to suckle (33.500)) was significantly higher in does fed 1.5% algal biomass. Feeding, drinking, grooming lying position behaviour of rabbit does were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by supplementation of algal biomasswhich positively influenced survivability of kits. Based on findings in this study, inclusion of algal biomass at 1.5% improved reproductive performance of rabbits with respect to litter size and kit weight without deleterious impact on health and overall wellbeing of rabbit. Moreso, algal biomass did not pose any threat to vitality of kitten. It was therefore, recommended that dietary inclusion of algal biomass (DHA gold) at 1.5% level in the diet of rabbit does can be used to enhance reproductive performance of rabbit does and vitality of kittens without any harmful effects.
EFFECT OF ANIMAL MANURE GENERATED EFFLUENTS AS ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON PROXIMATE AND FIBRE COMPOSITIONS OF Megathyrsus maximus
(2024-12-11) TAOFEEK, NAFISAT OLAYINKA
ABSTRACT This study evaluated the impact of organic manure effluent on the proximate and fibre composition of Megathyrsus maximus. It was conducted at the Pasture and Range Management Unit of the Directorate of University Farms (DUFARMS) and chemical analyzed was carried out at the Laboratory of the Department of Pasture and Range Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB), Ogun State, Nigeria. The experiment covered an area of 178.25 m² with three organic manure treatments (swine, poultry, and cattle dung) alongside NPK and control across five plots each measuring 2.5 by 3m and replicated three times. Soil samples were collected to assess chemical properties, and fresh manure was anaerobically digested for four weeks before application at a rate of 150 kg/ha, two weeks after planting. Results showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) across treatments, while neutral detergent fiber (NDF) values differed significantly (P < 0.05). The control and Cured Cattle Manure Effluent (CCME) treatments yielded the lowest value (46.46%) and the NPK treatment having the highest value (50.01%). ADF values differed significantly (p<0.05) with NPK having the highest value (11.07%) and CCME having the lowest value (9.29%). CCME has the highest value of crude protein (9.56%), Ash (11.8%) and Ether Extract (21.79%) The study concluded that manure effluents positively impacted the proximate and fiber, composition of Megathyrsus maximus.

Browse

Browsing College of Animal Science & Livestock Production by Title