College of Food Sciences & Human Ecology

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://ir.funaab.edu.ng/handle/123456789/255

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    ASSESSMENT OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA INDIGENOUS WOVEN FABRICS ‘ASO-OKE’ PRODUCED ON TRADITIONAL AND MODIFIED FLOOR LOOMS
    (2023-10-25) ADEBOYE, Adebiyi Oladipupo
    ABSTRACT Weaving is interlacing of warp and weft yarns to produce fabrics on a loom. “Aso-Oke” is the most famous indigenous woven fabric in Southwest Nigeria. This study assessed the mechanical properties of Aso-Oke produced on traditional floor loom (TFL) and modified floor loom (MFL). The study employed an experimental design; fabricated and modified TFL by changing the heddles (thread to wire), shaft, and beater (wood to metal). Ten samples of 2/2 Matt woven fabric were produced using 91 ends per inch (EPI), varied (2, 3, 5, 7, and 8) numbers of filling yarns (NFY), and 100% textured polyester yarn on TFL (TFL1 to TFL5) and MFL (MFL1 to MFL5). Fabric weight (FW), Abrasion, Dimensional stability, Tensile and Elongation, Tearing strength, and Bending Length were mechanical properties tested. Data were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, PCA, and PLS-SEM analysis. Results showed that fabrics from both looms are close-set [cover factor (CF) of MFL (M=32) and TFL (M=28)] in warp way. Both looms produced lightweight fabrics (51-90 GSM) with TFL4 and MFL3 having 90 GSM. MFL fabrics GSM (M = 77) is greater than TFL (M = 71). After 1000 abrasion cycles, fabric TFL5 (0.1% weight loss) has highest wear resistance; TFL fabrics had higher mean abrasion % weight loss (APL) 0.07% than MFL fabrics (0.77%). TFL and MFL fabrics showed high dimensional stability (0% shrinkage) after 72 hours at 27oC ± 2oC and RH 65% ± 2%. Fabric MFL2 has highest warp way tensile strength (50.04kgf), TFL3 (54.86kgf) in weft, and MFL3 (44.46kgf) showed significantly high breaking elongation in warp and weft ways corresponding to 64 picks per inch. Tearing strength is highest in fabrics TFL5 (46.51kgf) and TFL4 (53.34kgf) in warp and weft ways respectively. MFL3 tearing resistance is higher in both the warp and weft ways. MFL3 and TFL4 had bending lengths above 12.00cm in weft way signifying higher flexural rigidity. Fabric MFL3 has highest bending modulus (30.90Nm-2) in weft way. T-test results revealed a significant (p<0.05) difference in Tearing Strength in weft way between MFL (29.34±8.56) and TFL (31.5±18.73; t = -0.23, p = 0.82) and significant difference in CF of MFL (12.67±3.08) and TFL (13.74±5.15; t =11.343, p = 0.000). The correlation matrix showed moderately positive relationships (r >.500), and PCA indicated that TFL had six strong mechanical properties as compared to MFL's eight (Flexural Rigidity .975 and Tensile .791 in weft way; Tearing Strength .962 in warp way; Bending Length (.968 and .804), Bending-Modulus (.924, -.836) in weft and warp ways, and FW.956) in component I (λ=6.33) accounting for TFL (45.19%) and MFL (55.12%) total variance explained. PLS-SEM showed a significant contribution of EPI, 2/2 matt weave structure, NFY, and CF on the mechanical properties of fabrics from TFL and MFL. The study concluded that the mechanical properties of lightweight Aso-Oke produced on TFL and MFL have excellent tensile, elongation, tearing strength, abrasion, shrinkage, and bending resistances influenced by yarn type, density, thickness, and weave structure, thus weaver skill is vital.
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    CHARACTERISATION OF NOODLES FROM ORANGE FLESHED SWEETPOTATO FLOUR: EFFECTS OF DRYING METHODS AND STORAGE CONDITIONS
    (2024-06-15) EKUNSEITAN, Oluwakemi Florence
    ABSTRACT Orange fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) is unstable during processing andpreservation of its quality attributes are required to retain inherent micro-nutrients and optimize it spot entails asabio-fortified crop.In this study, OFSP chips were dried using hot air oven (HAD; at 60-70°C for 7min), micro wave oven (MOD; at 300-500 W for 30-40min) and infrared drying (IFD;250-350 Wfor70-85 min) to determine the effects of processing conditions on quality attributes of its flour. Numerical optimization technique using central composite design of response surface methodology was used to optimize the process variables to obtain the best drying conditions that preserve desirable characteristics of OFSP flour for noodle production. OFSP flour were characterized for colour, moisture and functional properties while optimum drying conditions was established. Optimum OFSP flour samples from each drying technique were made into noodles at 50% and100% levels of inclusion of OFSP flour in wheat while 100% wheatflour served as control. Noodle samples were analysed for proximate, colour, carotenoid and cooking properties prior to storage atroom (28±2 °C) and controlled (18±2 °C) temperatures for four months. Stored samples were analysed for colour, moisture, microbial and textural properties at one month interval. Drying parameters were subjected to analysis of variance and means were separated using Duncan Multiple range test at p≤0.05. Data obtained from stored samples were a factorial of complete block (level of inclusion x storage conditions x storage period) design and analyze dusing SPSS. Mean values of β-carotene and moisture content of flour from HAD, MOD and IRD were 6.39-13.33 mg/100g and 5.8-8.0%; 8.32-10.86 mg/100g and 5.35-10.20%; 2.83-7.38 mg/100g and 5.85-9.25% respectively. The main and quadratic effects of drying time and drying temperature had significant (p≤0.05) effects on the colour, carotenoid and functional properties of the flour samples. Theoptimum drying conditions of HAD, MOD and IRD were 65°C/7h, 300 W/36min and 300 W/78 min, respectively. Noodles samples showed significant (p≤0.05) differences in the proximate, colour, carotenoids, sensory andcooking properties. Total ash and dry matter content of noodles from HAD, MOD and IFD varied from 2.02-3.03%; 24.66-36.41%; 2.04-3.06% and 23.28-35.64%; 1.51-2.52% 26.08-37.12% respectively. The 100% OFSP noodles from all the dryers had the highest total, beta and gamma carotene compared to the control. Values for colour, appearance, taste and overall acceptability were in the range of 5.58-6.58, 5.50-6.35, 4.88-5.88 and 5.40-6.25 respectively. Level of inclusion, storage conditions and duration of storage hads ignificant(p≤0.05) effect on moisture, colour, texture, and microbial load of the noodle samples from the dryers. Noodles stored at room temperature had lower moisture content (4.92,4.98and4.99%) compared to those stored at controlled temperature (5.02,5.09and 5.13%) for HAD, MOD and IFD, respectively. Inconclusion, drying of OFSP at optimum conditions using HAD, MOD and IFD significantly (p<0.05) affected some quality attributes of flour and noodles. Optimum conditions of MOD were found to best preserve β-carotene; an important component of OFSP compared to other drying techniques.
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    COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND DIET QUALITY OF ADOLESCENTS IN SELECTED GOVERNMENT-OWNED AND PRIVATE BOARDING SCHOOLS IN OGUN STATE.
    (2024-12-20) ENIDUNNI SIMILOLUWA. A
    ABSTRACT This study was carried out to assess and compare the nutritional status and diet quality of adolescents in selected government-owned and private boarding schools in ogun state. A total of 248 adolescents [public (123) and private (125)] were selected from 5 public and 3 private secondary schools using multistage sampling techniques. Data were collected on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, food consumption pattern, anthropometric measurement and nutrient intake. Data collected were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. Data were analyzed using Total Diet Assessment, Anthro-plus software and the Diet Quality Questionnaire Indicator Calculator. Results showed that majority (64.9%) of the adolescents were between 15 – 18 years, private schools respondents consisted of 56 male and 69 female adolescents while public schools consisted of 56 male and 67 female adolescents. The median energy intake of female(F) and male(M) adolescents in public school was 1657.35 ±335.03kcal and 1652.85 ± 278.47kcal while for those in private schools was 2567.07 ±543.76(F) and 2628.81±550.69(M). The mean protein intake of female and male adolescents in public schools were 44.30± 15.86g and 42.52 ± 12.57g while for those in private schools were 78.56± 16.60g(F) and 77.26 ± 13.26g(M). Public schools adolescents consumed significantly less (p<0.05) energy and nutrients than those private schools. A higher proportion of private schools adolescents consumed fast foods(p<0.05) and red meat (p<0.05) while a larger proportion of public schools adolescents consumed more natural foods(p<0.05) and fruits(p<0.05). The waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-hip ratio of both types of schools were below WHO 2008 cutoff marks for abdominal obesity. There were more private schools respondent with normal BMI-for-age, while public schools had more underweight(1.2%) and overweight (1.6%) adolescents. Public schools adolescents had a slightly higher (9.4) Global Dietary Recommendations (GDR) score than (9.0) private schools adolescents, private and public schools adolescents had the same NCD protect score of 2.9. Private schools adolescents however had an higher (2.9) NCD (non-communicable disease) risk score than those (2.5) in public schools. An higher percentage (84%) of female private schools adolescents met the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) while only (50%) of female adolescents in public schools met the MDD-W. The dietary diversity score of adolescents in private schools (5.8) were also higher than those in (5.0) public schools. Private schools adolescents only showed a significant association (P ≤ 0.05) between Waist to Hip ratio and nutrient intake and there was no significant association (P ≤ 0.05) between other variables, while public schools adolescents, adolescents showed a significant association (P ≤ 0.05) between BMI-For-Age and nutrient intake and Waist to Hip ratio and nutrient intake and no significant association (P ≤ 0.05) between other variables . Therefore, the study concluded that an higher percentage of public school adolescents suffered from under-nutrition and over-nutrition, with almost all private school respondent being of normal range. The under-nutrition and over-nutrition occurring in public schools can be improved by implementing a standardized menu across all government-owned public schools.
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    CORRELATION OF HOME AND SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF CHILDREN WITH MILD INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY (MID) IN OGUN STATES, NIGERIA.
    (2024-08-20) SUYEI-DAVID IDARA
    ABSTRACT The home and school environments play pivotal roles in shaping the physical, emotional, and cognitive development of children, particularly those with Mild Intellectual Disabilities (MID). This study, examined the correlation of home and school environments on academic performance of children with MID in Ogun State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 179 (54 teachers and 125 parents of children with MID), The stages involved purposively selecting six special schools, randomly choosing teachers of MID children, and proportionately including teachers and parents of children with MID in each special school selected (Primary School) . Two different structured questionnaires were used to gather data on socio-demographic characteristics, conducive home environment, school environmental factors, perceived academic performance, perceived effects of home and school environments and constraints affecting the academic performance of children with MID academic performance. Data analysis included frequency counts, percentages, mean, standard deviation, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation (PPMC), Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), and Chi-square statistics. Result revealed teachers (53.7%) and parents (59.1%) were aged 36-50 years, majority (74.1%) and (70.5%) of teachers and parents were respectively female, while (55.4% of teachers, 54.4% of parents) were Christians. Majority (85.2%) of the teachers had tertiary education, while 39.6% of parents had secondary education. Moreover, 63.0% of teachers were class teachers, and 74.1% had 6-15 years of experience teaching MID children and (53.7%) indicted that schools were mostly in urban areas. Overall, (83.3%) of respondents perceived the school environment as highly conducive, citing adequate resources, safety, and security. Similarly, (74.5%) reported the home environment as highly conducive, noting access to education and emotional support. The academic performance using Mathematics and English, majority of teachers (68.5%) and (50.3%) of the parents perceived MID children aged 7-14 years as high performers in mathematics, counting and drawing simple shapes accurately. Health issues emerged as the primary perceived constraint affecting academic performance, identified by both teachers (x ̅=2.52) and parents (x ̅=2.97). Chi-square found significant associations (p<0.01) were found between various demographic factors such as teachers’ educational level (χ2 = 18.09, df=8), teaching experience (χ2 = 11.46, df=2), parents’ ethnicity (χ2 = 14.63, df=2), parents’ educational level (χ2 = 18.27, df=4), religion (χ2 = 11.79, df=2), and geographical location (χ2 = 12.97, df=2), and perceived academic performance. PPMC revealed significant (p<0.05) between teachers’ age (r=0.48), years of teaching experience (r=0.38), number of MID students in the classroom (r=0.32), parents’ number of children in the family (r=0.27). PPMC also revealed significant (p<0.05) relationships between the school (r=0.38), home environment (r=0.24) and perceived academic performance of children with MID. OLX result revealed that parents perceived health conditions (β = -0.16), transportation issues (β = -0.30), noise (β = -0.19), lack of extra-curricular activities (β = -0.20), and family stress (β = -0.22) are significant constraints affecting academic performance of children with MID. In conclusion, both school and home environment significantly influence the academic performance of children with MID. Thus, it is crucial for schools and parents to prioritize creating highly conducive environment for these children.
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    DIET QUALITY AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH CO-EXISTENCE OF DIABETES AND HYPERTENSION ATTENDING THE HEALTHCARE FACILITIES IN OGUN STATE
    (2024-12-20) AKINWANDE, FOLASHADE MUFTIHAT
    ABSTRACT Non-communicable diseases risk factors, such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, have significantly increased worldwide, contributing to higher mortality rates. Identifying optimal dietary patterns for the prevention and management of diabetes in patients with co-existing hypertension has become a public health priority. This study was designed to assess the diet quality and nutritional status of patients with co-existence diabetes mellitus and hypertension attending selected hospitals in Abeokuta, Ogun State. A cross-sectional design was employed for the study. A total of 390 respondents were randomly selected from the Federal Medical Centre, Sacred Heart Hospital, and General Hospital Ijaiye in Abeokuta. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on the respondents’ socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics, Anthropometric measurement was taken using standard procedures. Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist-Hip ratio (WHR) were calculated following World Health Organisation protocol. Blood pressure (BP), Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) were determined using standard clinical laboratory. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour recall and analysed to determine nutrients intake and diet diversity. Adequacy of the nutrient was calculated by comparing the nutrient intakes with recommended dietary allowance. Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) questionnaire was used to assess diet quality and categorized as low (< 35), average (35-70) and high (≥ 70). Data were analysed using frequency, mean, median, interquartile range, standard deviation, percentages, Chi-square, analysis of variance and Pearson’s correlation were used to examine relationship between variables at p < 0.05. Results showed that 69.92% of respondents were female, majority (79.59%) of respondents lived in urban areas, 31.06% were within the average age range of 55-64 years. About 53.82% had tertiary education, and 19.64% earned within ₦50,001 - ₦100,000 monthly. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 27.74% and 3.25%, respectively, the mean WHR was 0.94±0.26 and the mean BP was 127/80. The mean FBG and HbA1C were 131.61±56.78 and 10.02±3.34 respectively. The mean WHR and BP were higher in males (0.95 ± 0.29; 132/81 mmHg) compared to females (0.93 ± 0.24; 126/79 mmHg). The mean FBG level was higher in females (71%) compared to males (29%). About 79.39% of respondents had a high dietary diversity. The best DQI score was adequacy (17.92±7.02), and weakest was overall balance (5.48±1.38). Generally, respondents had inadequate macronutrients intake. However, almost two-third of the males and females had excess carbohydrate intake. Most of the respondents had inadequate intakes of micronutrients. However, vitamins A, B3 and B12, and Iron intake were excess in males.A significant (p ≤ 0.03) association was found between BP and DQI, FBG was significantly (p=0.02, r= -0.13) correlated with IDDS. The DQI was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) associated with BMI and WHR. Unhealthy dietary intakes were observed and low diet quality was prevalent among the respondents. Dietary intervention to promote adequate nutrient intakes and diversity is essential to improve the nutritional status of patients with co-existence of diabetes and hypertension.
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