College of Agricultural Management & Rural Development

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    ASSESSMENTOFAGRICULTURE-DRIVENDEFORESTATIONANDTHE EFFECTS ONCLIMATE VARIABILITY AMONG FARMERSIN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
    (2025-09-11) MATTI, OLOLADE0.
    ABSTRACT ThisstudyexaminestheroleofAgriculture-drivendeforestationininfluencingclimate variability, perceptions and experiences among smallholder farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria. With increasing land-usechangesattributed toagricultural expansion.thestudyaimstoassessthe nexusbetweenforestclearingandlocalizedclimatevariations.Primarydatawerecollected throughstructuredquestionnairesadrñinisteredto200respondentsselectedthroughmultistage sampling.Thedatawereobtainedontherespondentssocio-economiccharacteristics,adaptation strategies initiated against agriculture-driven deforestationand awareness ofclimate variability whilesatelliteimagerybetweenyear2013and2023wascollected toassessthepatternofland use and land cover changes (LULC) and to determine the effects of agriculture driven deforestationon climate variability with afocuson changes in temperatureand carbon dioxide. Datawereanalysedusingfrequencycounts.percentages,means,logisticsregressionmodeland Landsatsatelliteimages.Resultsshowthatmajority(60.5%)of the respondentsweremale,most (93%) of respondents had formal education, most (93%) of the respondents were using governmentland, 85% wereawareofthe influence ofclimate variability, 81.5%practicedpure cultivation, 86.0% were married with an average age, household size, farm size, farm experience, and monthly incomeof55.1 years,4persons,15.1 ha,13yearsandf'tl58,l50.00respectively. The major adaptation strategies initiated against agriculture-driven deforestation were agroforestry (x —4.00), awareness/education (I = 4.00), and paying farmers to conserve ecosystem(x=3.95).LULCstatisticsshowsthatwaterbodyincreasedfrom82Km2to 90.03Kiu2,vegetationcover decreased from 1l,618Km2 to 9,720.24Km2, developed area increasedfrom507.42km2to1,443.7km2whileagriculturalland increased from4,476Km°to 4,922.02Kni2between2013and2023respectively.Thetemperaturerangebetween2013and 2023wasslightlylower,temperaturedecreasedwithincreaseinvegetationcoverovertheyears atabout61%relationships,therewasasimilarnegativerelationship between vegetationcover and carbon dioxide concentration at 84%. Logistic regressionmodel shows that income (§= 1.000 p<0.10), practice preferred (§= 1.653, p<0.10) and land ownership (b=0.558, p<0.05) negativelyinfluencedawareness ofclimate variability while non-farmincome (§=l.000, p<0.01) positively influenced awareness of climate variability. The study concludes that unchecked agriculture-induced deforestationexacerbatesclimate variabilityin Ogun State leading to temperature variations, lossofstored carbon ascarbon dioxide intotheatmosphere and increased greenhouse gas emissions resulting in global warming, the assessment revealed that without secured land, farmers focused on short-term gains, rather than long-term sustainability, they overexploitednatural resourcesleading toescalated deforestation,soil degradation and lossof biodiversity. This study recommended an urgent need for forest eco-system management, government adaptation policydecisionscontributing totheunderstanding ofLULCandclimate smartagriculturalpractices,reforestationinitiativesaswellaspolicyincentivestopromote sustainablelanduse.
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    EFFECTS OF CREDIT UTILIZATIONAND RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OFCASSAVA — BASED FARMERS IN SOUTHWEST,NIGERIA
    (2025-06-12) SODIPE, OLUWATOYIN MORENIKE
    ABSTRACT Credit use and effective risk management are important in improving the efficiency and livelihood offarmers. Thus, this study examined the effects ofcredit utilization and risk managementpracticesontheproductionefficiencyofcassava-basedfarmersinSouthwest, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 378 respondents for the study. The firststageinvolvedthepurposivesamplingofOgunandOyoStates,whileinthelaststage, convenient sampling technique was used toselect 378 cassava-basedfarmers for thestudy. Kobo Toolbox powered questionnaire was used to obtain primary data on farmers' personal characteristics,inputsandoutputsquantities,pricesandriskmanagementpractices.Datawere analysedwithdescriptivestatistics,Translogstochasticoutputandinputdistancefunctions. Resultsshowthat67.0%oftherespondentsweremalewithanaverageage,farmsizeand farmingexperienceof51years,2.1haand12years,respectively.Majority(62.0%)ofthe respondentsrentedfarmlandatH20,000.00/ha/annumwith450kg/haofcassavastemsanda mean output of 12.5tons/ha. Furthermore,respondents expended an average of R6,500/workday, H4,500/ltrandH680/kg onlabour, herbicidesandfertilizers, respectively.Majority (65.6%)of therespondentswere co-operativememberswhile 69.9%obtainedcredits from formal sources and predominantlyused credit for land clearing (73.2%), planting (71.6%), weeding (70.4%) and harvesting (64.5%). The respondents indicate that the major risks facing cassava-based farming were lowcrop yield (87.6%), pest and diseases (73.5%) and inflation (63.1%).Risk management practices commonlyusedbythe respondentswere planting ofearly maturingvarieties (85.6%) anddiversificationoffarmactivities(72.7%) while farm insurance(15.5%) and contractwith off-takers (27.3%) were less commonly practiced. Translog production function showed that the meantechnical,allocativeandeconomicefficiencyoftherespondentswere91.7%,94.8%and 93.7%,respectively.Also,quantityofcassavastem(§=-0.468,p<0.01)positivelyinfluenced iVcassavaoutput,whilefarmingexperience(§=-0.117),creditutilizationratio(§=-0.179E-04), contractwithoff-takers(§=-0.552),diversificationoffarmactivities(§=-3.765)andinsurance offarm(§=-1.504)haveapositiveandsignificant(p<0.01)effectonthetechnicalefficiencyof thecassava-basedfarmers.Priceof land (§=0.080),labour wage (§=0.099),cassava stemprice (§=0.869),fertilizer price(§=0.743)andherbicide price(§=0.133)significantly (p<0.01) influencedthecostofcassavaproductionwhilecooperativemembership(§=0.005,p<0.01)and contract withoff-takers (a=0.006,p<0.01) hadapositiveandsignificant effectoncassava-based farmers' allocative efficiency. The study concluded that the farmers were efficient in cassava production. The study recommended easy access to credit, diversification of farm activitiesandriskmanagementtrainingstoimprovetheproductionefficienciesofthecassava-based farmers.
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    MODERATION EFFECT OF FLOURISHING ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICALCAPITAL, STUDY ENGAGEMENTAND STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG POSTGRADUAT STUDENTS IN PUNAAB
    (2025-06-08) OLADIPUPO, DAVIDFFMI
    ABSTRACT The intricate relationships between psychological capital. study engagement. and academic performance of students have been well-documented in previous studies. 1lowever, the specific rncch‹inisiiisdrivinbthisiclationshipromainundci'-cxpltircd. 1lici‘cli›i’c.thisstuclacxaiiiiiicdthe moderation effects of" l3ourishing on the relationship between psychological capital. study engagementandacadeiricpcrtorirancc anaong postgi‹iduatc studcnts in the l'cclci‹il tlnivcicity of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB). A stratified sampling proccduic was cmployed to sclcct 302 respondents for this study. Primary data were obtained using a structured qricstionnairc on students’personalcharacteristics,acaden icper£oririancc.psychulugicalcapital,study engagementandflourishinglevels.Datawereanalyscdusingrrcqucncyct›unts.t›crccntagtS, means,standarddeviationandModeratedMultipleRcgrcssion(MMR).thefindingsshowthat 51.3%oftherespondentsweremale,64.6%weresingle,and48.8%weref“hi‘islians.Ifall"c›l’the respondentshave high level of psychological capital(50.3%) and 51.7% reported ahighlevel of engagement in their studics. Also, 53.0"/« cf“ îhe rcsp‹›ndunts rpurtuJ n1t›dcratc lcvcl ‹›Ëacadcmic performance,and63.7%werehigh-levelflourishers.’l'hemoderatedmultiplercgrcssionanalysis shows that flourishing (§= 0.25, p <0.01), psychological capital (b0.36, p <().01), and study engagement (§0.13, p <0.01) were related to acadcmicpcrl(irlTlancc. 1Jowcvcr, the moderationanalysisshowsthattheinteractiontermsforflourishingwithpsycliologicalcapital(§ —-0.01) and study engagement (§0.01) were tinrclated to acadciiiic pt•rf‹irmancc. In conclusion, this study established that psychological capital, sîudy engagement. and Ilourishing independentlycontributedtotheacademicperformanceofpostgraduatestudents.IHowever, flourishingdidnotmoderatetherelationshipbetwccnpsychologicalcapital,studyengagement,
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    POULTRY FARMERS DISPOSITION TO BIOSEURITY MEASURES AGAINST AVIANEPIDEMAL THREAT IN COMMERCIAL POULTRY PRODUCTION IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
    (2025-06-26) KOLEOSO, EMMANUEL OLUWATOBI
    ABSTRACT Regular application of effective biosecurity measures is very essential in preventing and controlling the spread of disease and infections in commercial poultry production. Hence, the need to understand that specific epidemal threats determine the biosecurity measures to be adopted by farmers.This study examined the poultry farmers’ disposition to biosecurity measures against avian epidemal threat in commercial poultry production in Ogun State, Nigeria. Stratified sampling technique was used to select 286 respondents for the study. Data were collected on socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents; economic impact of avian epidemal threat experienced; biosecurity measures used in managing the incidence of avian diseases and poultry farmers’ disposition to biosecurity measures in the study area using a structured questionnaire. Chi square and descriptive statistics (frequency counts, percentages, mean, and standard deviation) were used to analyse the data. The mean age and years of experience with poultry were 46.0 and 18.0 years, respectively, and the results indicate that 51.1% of the respondents had completed tertiary education. 54.4% of respondents utilised a manual watering system, whereas the majority (85.2%) employed an intensive management system. The respondents cited radio/television (83.3%), family and friends (84.4%), and agricultural extension field demonstration (98.9%) as their primary sources of information on managing chicken production.The common viral epidemal threats to profitable and sustainable poultry production were hemorrhagic enteritis (x̄ = 2.74) and swollen head syndrome (x̄ = 2.12) and bacteria diseases were tuberculosis (x̄ = 2.45) and paratyphoid infections (x̄ = 2.42) while guinea worm (x̄ = 2.47) and Giardiasis (x̄ = 2.42) were parasitic diseases. The economic effect of epidemal threats on commercial poultry production were stunted growth (x ̅=3.77), high mortality rate of the birds (x ̅=3.74) and loss of income (x ̅=3.72). Most (79.3%) of the respondents reported moderate impact of epidemal threats in poultry production. The biosecurity measures mostly used by the respondents to manage incidences of poultry diseases were bird culling (x ̅=3.61), self-administration of medication (x ̅=3.52) and limitation of non-essential traffic on the farm (x ̅=3.42).Also, 71.1% of the respondents had low utilization of biosecurity measures against avian epidemal threats. The disposition of poultry farmers to biosecurity measures was reduction in the likelihood of virus introduction into the flock (x̄ = 4.11) and less expenses for veterinary services (x̄ = 3.64). Furthermore, 55.2% of the respondents had moderate disposition to biosecurity measures. The chi square results reveal significant (p<0.05) association between educational level (χ2= 9.399), style of rearing (χ2= 11.298) and disposition of poultry farmers to biosecurity measures. The study concluded that the farmers are favourably disposed to the use of biosecurity measures to mitigate the effects of avian epidemial threats in the study area. Therefore, poultry farmers should be regularly trained on the use of biosecurity measures for sustainable and profitable poultry production.
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    EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON KOLANUT PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA
    (2025-05-12) UGWU, CHINWEIKE ABEDNEGO
    ABSTRACT Kolanut is an economical and culturally significant crop in Nigeria, valued for its socio-cultural, medicinal, and commercial importance. Despite its relevance, kolanut production is increasingly threatened by the adverse effects of climate change. This study examined the long-term effect of climate change on Kolanut production in Nigeria, with emphasis on temporal trends and regional climatic variations across major producing States (Ondo, Ogun, Osun, Ekiti, Oyo, Abia, Niger, Edo, Delta, and Cross River). Secondary data on annual kolanut production indices (yield, area harvested and production volume) and climatic variables (temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and wind speed) from the Food and Agriculture Organization and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) respectively between 1980 and 2022 were used for the study. Trend analysis, Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) method were used to analyze the data. Results reveal that kolanut output in Nigeria exhibited fluctuating trends from 82,000 tons in 1997 to 177,000 tons in 2015. Areas harvested fluctuated between 91,000ha (1997) and 270,143ha (2010). Temperature trends showed consistent warming from 31.1oC in 1981 to 39.24oC in 2016, while rainfall patterns decreased from an all-time high of 2792.62mm in 1983 to 1371.96mm in 2022, with significant spatial disparities. Also, relative humidity and wind speed were the most stable of the four climatic variables sampled with a range of 82.4% in 1981 to 82.3% in 2022 and 5.49m/s in 1981 to 5.78m/s in 2022 respectively. GIS results show that southern states, experienced pronounced warming and declining rainfall. GIS result shows that the average decadal temperature and rainfall in Ondo, Ogun, Osun, Ekiti, Oyo, Abia, Edo, Delta, and Cross River were between 22oC-26oC to 23oC-27oC and 1300mm-2400mm to 1400mm-2300mm in period 1 (1981-1990) and period 4 (2010-2020) respectively. FMOLS results reveal that the lagged kolanut output (β = 0.879, p<0.01), area harvested (β = 0.605, p<0.01), temperature (β = 0.683, p<0.05) and wind speed (β = 0.233, p<0.01) had significant effects on current kolanut output. However, the lagged value of area harvested (β = -0.515, p<0.01) had a negative effect on current kolanut output. The study concluded that, kolanut yield in Nigeria is affected by climatic changes, particularly temperature and wind speed. It was recommended that farmers should plant windbreak and shade trees to reduce heat and wind stress while continuous training on the climatic requirements of kolanut production should be encouraged among the farmers for better output.
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    EFFECTS OF GINGER POWDER ON THE In Vitro GAS PRODUCTION OF BRACHIARIA SPECIES
    (2024-09-22) AJIBIKE, BALIQIS ADEOLA
    ABSTRACT The study evaluated effects of ginger powder at graded levels on the in vitro and methane gas production of Brachiariadecumbens and Brachiariaruziziensis. The experiment was laid out as a 2 x 3 factorial design with two Brachiariaspp (B. ruziziensis and B. decumbens) harvested from 15cm above ground level and three levels of inclusions of ginger powder (0, 10 and 15 mg/g) and replicated three times. Data collection was subjected to two-ways analysis of variance and the treatment means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range test using SAS (1999) package. Results showed that there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in the gas volumes (6, 12, and 24 hours of in vitro incubation) when the Brachariagrasses were compared. Under the interaction, there were significant (p<0.05) differences in the final gas volumes due to the effect of the ginger powder inclusion levels. The gas volumes significantly (p<0.05) increased at 5.0mg/g of ginger powder inclusion when compared with the control; however, no further increase in gas volume was recorded at the highest inclusion level of ginger powder. The organic matter digestibility, short chain fatty acids, and metabolizable energy significantly (p<0.05) increased at 5.0mg/g of ginger powder inclusion while lower values were recorded at 10mg/g inclusion of the ginger. In conclusion, ginger powder can be included into ruminant diets at a level of 5.0 mg/g to enhance gas production and reduce CH4 emissions in grasses.
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    EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON KOLANUT PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA
    (2025-09-11) UGWU, CHINWEIKE ABEDNEGO
    ABSTRACT Kolanut is an economical and culturally significant crop in Nigeria, valued for its socio-cultural, medicinal, and commercial importance. Despite its relevance, kolanut production is increasingly threatened by the adverse effects of climate change. This study examined the long-term effect of climate change on Kolanut production in Nigeria, with emphasis on temporal trends and regional climatic variations across major producing States (Ondo, Ogun, Osun, Ekiti, Oyo, Abia, Niger, Edo, Delta, and Cross River). Secondary data on annual kolanut production indices (yield, area harvested and production volume) and climatic variables (temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and wind speed) from the Food and Agriculture Organization and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) respectively between 1980 and 2022 were used for the study. Trend analysis, Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) method were used to analyze the data. Results reveal that kolanut output in Nigeria exhibited fluctuating trends from 82,000 tons in 1997 to 177,000 tons in 2015. Areas harvested fluctuated between 91,000ha (1997) and 270,143ha (2010). Temperature trends showed consistent warming from 31.1oC in 1981 to 39.24oC in 2016, while rainfall patterns decreased from an all-time high of 2792.62mm in 1983 to 1371.96mm in 2022, with significant spatial disparities. Also, relative humidity and wind speed were the most stable of the four climatic variables sampled with a range of 82.4% in 1981 to 82.3% in 2022 and 5.49m/s in 1981 to 5.78m/s in 2022 respectively. GIS results show that southern states, experienced pronounced warming and declining rainfall. GIS result shows that the average decadal temperature and rainfall in Ondo, Ogun, Osun, Ekiti, Oyo, Abia, Edo, Delta, and Cross River were between 22oC-26oC to 23oC-27oC and 1300mm-2400mm to 1400mm-2300mm in period 1 (1981-1990) and period 4 (2010-2020) respectively. FMOLS results reveal that the lagged kolanut output (β = 0.879, p<0.01), area harvested (β = 0.605, p<0.01), temperature (β = 0.683, p<0.05) and wind speed (β = 0.233, p<0.01) had significant effects on current kolanut output. However, the lagged value of area harvested (β = -0.515, p<0.01) had a negative effect on current kolanut output. The study concluded that, kolanut yield in Nigeria is affected by climatic changes, particularly temperature and wind speed. It was recommended that farmers should plant windbreak and shade trees to reduce heat and wind stress while continuous training on the climatic requirements of kolanut production should be encouraged among the farmers for better output.
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    EFFECTS OF LAND EXPROPRIATION ON THE LIVELIHOOD OUTCOMES OF RURAL FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
    (2024-01-20) OYESANWEN AUGUSTINE ADEKUNLE
    ABSTRACT Access to land is crucial for the socio-economic development of the majority of Africans who depends on land and land-based resources for their livelihoods. However, taking over of privately owned lands of faming households by the Government will reduce their means of livelihoods. This studytherefore assessed the effects of land expropriation on the livelihood outcomes of rural farming households in Ogun State.A multistage sampling procedure was used to sample 840 respondents from 31 expropriated and 25 non-expropriated communities. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on the socio-economic characteristics of households, status of expropriated land, effects of land expropriated on households, livelihood outcomes of farm households,factors affecting livelihood outcomes, and coping strategies for this study. Descriptive statistics, Ordered Logit regression (OLR), Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), Tobit regression (TBR), and Multivariate Probit regression (MVPR) were used to analyse the data. Results revealed that 43.3% of the respondents were above 50years with the mean age of 48 and 49 years old in expropriated and non-expropriated areas respectively, 82.4% were married, 90.6% were male, 72.2% had an household size of 1-5 persons, 79.4% had less than 5acres of land and 88.1% had one form of formal education out of which 42.5% attended secondary school.Most (58.5%) of respondents have not received their compensation for their expropriated land.Also, 49.5% and 59.0% of the respondents in expropriated and non-expropriated areaswere moderately food secure. MPI results showed that majority (82.0% and 83.0%) of the respondents in expropriated and non-expropriated areasrespectively are non-poor. OLR results revealed that age (β= 0.1112), household size (β= 0.1441), access to good roads (β= 0.8916) and participation in off-farm activities (β= 1.1290)significantly (p<0.05) influence food security, while the gender (β= -0.9250), and land expropriation (β=-0.5334) had significant (p<0.05) negative impacts on food security. TBR model revealed that age (β=0.0058), marital status (β=0.0365),and total land size (β=0.0143) significantly (p<0.05) influencethe households’ livelihood outcomes, while age square (β=-6.9E-05), years of schooling (β=-0.0150), tropical livestock unit (β=-0.0035), off-farm participation (β=-0.0213) and farm income (β=-8.09E-08) significantly (p<0.05) decreasedthe depth of multidimensional poverty of the households. MVPR showed that age (β=0.0729), years of schooling (β=0.0360), total parcel of land (β=0.0554), tropical livestock units (β=0.0299) and membership of cooperative (β=0.5917) positively influenced the likelihood ofplanting only arable crops as coping strategy. However, household size (β=-0.1568), access road (β=-0.0068), and off-farm participation (β=-0.7521) significantly (p<0.05) reduced the probability of households’ planting of arable crops. Conclusively, households whose land were expropriated were more food secure with better livelihood outcomes in the study areas. Therefore, government land expropriation policy shouldgive economic and timely compensation to reduce effects on livelihood outcomes of rural farming households and food security in the study area.