College of Physical Sciences

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    AN OPTIMIZED PERSONALITY RECOGNITION MODEL FOR SOCIAL MEDIA USERS
    (2025-06-15) ADEBIYI, BUKOLA TAIBAT
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    SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MAGNETIC4d-TRANSITION METALION-IMPRINTEDKAOL IN CHITOSANHYBRID FOR SELECTIYEMITIGATION OF METALTOXICITY INPLANT
    (2025-09-17) ADEBAYO, ANIKE OMOBOLA
    ABSTRACT The contamination of soil by toxic metals is a critical environmental challenge which poses a significant risk to the ecosystem and human health. Several soil remediation methods have been explored but have been limited by poor selectivity, high production cost and reusability. This work explored the adsorption capability of chitosan and kaolin in developing a sustainable, selective, and reusable solution for cadmium detoxification in soil using abio-based hybrid material. It successfully synthesized and characterized palladium(pd), Silver(Ag) and cadmium(Cd)ion-imprinted polymers(IIPs) and non-imprinted(NIP) from Magnetic kaolin - chitosan nanocomposite(MKCNC)and studied their adsorption potentials. IIPs and NIP were characterized using Ultra-violet/Visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier Transform Infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (SEM-EDX), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy(ICP-OES). The adsorption potential of the synthesized IIPs and NIP were investigated on maize plantings. Maize seeds were planted in soil spiked and treated with water only (pot1),25mgCdIP(pot2),25mgCdIP20mgCdC12(Ot3),50mg CdIP+20mgCdCl2Ot4)and25mgNIP+20mgCdC12Ot5). The UV-visa sorption bands of the leached and unleashed IIPs showed sharp band at around 224-240 rim indicating transition. The FTI Result to the nanocomposites how ethic (C—N)str (imine/azomethine) functional groupat1615cm1,however upon polymerization, the three IIPss have higher vibrational frequency (blue shift) at the region of u(C=N)strat1628cm‘'(PdlP),1638 cm‘'(AgIP) and1636 cm”'(CdlP). The SEMEOXs hawed crystalline morphology of large irregular particles. The surfaces of the IIPs appeared to be covered with powdered materials. TGA of the NIP and IIPs showed 4stages of weight loss. There was no obvious difference between the absorbance bands of leached and unleachedIIPs.Thisisanindicationthatthepolymermatrixremainsunalteredeven afterleaching.ThepowderysurfacesoftheSEM-EDXimagescouldbeattributedtothe imprinting of ions on the surface of the IIPs. The thermal studies showed that CdIP demonstratedthegreatestthermalstabilityamongstthethreeIIPs.Optimalreactionconditionof 89% adsorption was observed at pH 6.5 atareactiontimeof90 minutes. The NIP and CdIP showed excellent adsorption capacity by successfully mitigating Cd ions from being translocated into the maizeplantbody.Thenon-imprintedandion-imprintedpolymershavethepotentialof contributing to the advancement of sustainable soil remediation technologies and support agricultural productivity and environmental health.
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    SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MAGNETIC4d-TRANSITION METALION-IMPRINTEDKAOL IN CHITOSANHYBRID FOR SELECTIYEMITIGATION OF METALTOXICITY INPLANT
    (2025-09-14) ADEBAYO, ANIKE OMOBOLA
    ABSTRACT The contamination of soil by toxic metals is a critical environmental challenge which poses a significant risk to the ecosystem and human health. Several soil remediation methodshavebeenexploredbuthavebeenlimitedbypoorselectivity,highproduction cost and reusability. This work explored the adsorption capability of chitosanandkaolin indevelopingasustainable,selective,andreusablesolutionforcadmiumdetoxification insoilusingabio-based hybrid material.Itsuccessfully synthesizedandcharacterized palladium(pd),Silver(Ag)andcadmium(Cd)ion-imprinted polymers(IIPs)andnon-imprinted(NIP)fromMagnetickaolin-chitosannanocomposite(MKCNC)andstudied theiradsorption potentials. IIPsandNIPwerecharacterized usingUltra-violet/Visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier Transform Infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (SEM-EDX), ThermogravimetricAnalysis (TGA)andInductivelyCoupled Plasma-OpticalEmission Spectroscopy(ICP-OES).TheadsorptionpotentialofthesynthesizedIIPsandNIPwere investigated on maize plantings. Maize seeds were planted in soil spiked and treated withwateronly(pot1),25mgCdIP(pot2),25mgCdIP20mgCdC12(Ot3),50mg CdIP+20mgCdCl2Ot4)and25mgNIP+20mgCdC12Ot5).TheUV-visabsorption bands of the leached and unbleached IIPs showed sharp band at around 224-240 rim indicatingz—+z*transition.TheFTIRresultofthenanocompositeshowedthec(C—N)str (imine/azomethine)functional groupat1615cm1,however upon polymerization,the three IIPsshoweda highervibrational frequency (blue shift) at the region of u(C=N)strat1628cm‘'(PdlP),1638 cm‘'(AgIP) and1636 cm”'(CdlP). The SEM-EOXshowedcrystallinemorphologyoflargeirregularparticles.ThesurfacesoftheIIPs appearedto be coveredwith powderedmaterials.TGAoftheNIPand IIPsshowed 4stages of weight loss. There was no obvious difference between the absorbance bands of leached and unbleached IIPs. This is an indication that the polymermatrixremainsun altered even after leaching. The powdery surfaces of the SEM-EDX images could be at tribute to the imprinting of ions on the surface of the IIPs. The thermal studies showed that CdIP demonstratedthegreatestthermalstabilityamongstthethreeIIPs.Optimalreactionconditionof 89% adsorptionwas observedat pH 6.5 atareactiontimeof90 minutes.The NIP andCdIP showed excellent adsorption capacity by successfullymitigating Cd ions from being translocatedinto the maizeplantbody.Thenon-imprintedandion-imprintedpolymershavethepotentialof contributing to the advancement of sustainable soil remediation technologies and supportagricultural productivity andenvironmentalhealth.
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    PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF SELECTED ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANIC POLLUTANTS USING A GREEN SYNTHESIZED Mn3O4ZnO/Co34 NANOCOMPOSITE
    (2025-09-07) OLOMIEJA, AYODELEOJO
    ABSTRACT Thepresenceoforganicpollutantsinwastewaterposessignificanthealthrisksto humans andaquaticecosystems. Photocatalyticdegradation hasemerged asoneofthe highlyeffectivemethodsforremovingthesepollutants.Thisstudyinvestigatedthe photocatalyticdegradationofselectedEnvironmentalOrganic Pollutants (EOPs) using agreen-synthesizedMn3O4tZnO/Co3O4(MZC)nanocomposite.TheMZCwas preparedthroughenvironmentallyfriendlymethodsthatutilizednon-toxicreagents andsustainableprocesses.Thiswasachievedbyusingmanganese(II)acetate tetrahydrate,zincnitratehexahydrate,cobalt(II)chloridehexahydratealongwith Moringaleafextractviaa simplesingle-stepcombustionmethod.Thematerialwas characterizedbyFourierTransformInfraredspectroscopy(FTIR),Ultraviolet-Visible spectrometry(UV-Vis), Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), TransmissionElectron Microscopy(TEM) andX-Ray Diffraction(XRD).Batch degradationexperimentsof MZC on Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP), Amoxicillin trihydrate (AMX), PolyethyleneGlycol(PEG)andDiethylphthalate(DEP)wereconductedunder varying conditions:pH (3 - 9), timeintervals(30 - 180 minutes),temperatures(25- 45°Cat 10°Cinterval) and catalystdoses (0.05- 0.15 g). The optimizedconditions were then appliedto raw samplesproducedwastewater(RPW)from oil mining.The degraded wereanalyzedusingUV-VisandGasChromatography-Mass Spectrometer(GC-MS).TheFTIRanalysisofthepreparedMZCnanocomposite acharacteristicstretchingvibrationsat3257,2325,1650,and1095cm', C-O-Cgroups,respectively.TheXRDdiffractogram of MZC showed sharp peaks at 28 of 12, 21 and 26°, which ascertained the crystallinity ofMZC.TheTEMporositydimension rangedfrom 20-50rim,showing the mesoporous nature of the material while the SEM micrograph revealed surface morphology with significant porosity. The highest degradation obtained for CIP, AMX,PEG,andDEPwere99.98%,25°C;53.5%atpH9,45°C;69.20%atpH9, 45°Cand76.9%atpH9,45°Crespectively.TheGC-MSresultsrevealedthatmajority ofthe compounds weredegraded. The CIP degradation showed theformation ofnew compounds: 2,3,7-trimethyldecane and 2-bromotetradecane after 150 minutes; while that of PEG showed the formation of8-methylheptadecaneand heptaethylene glycol after 60 minutes, and DEP degraded completely. There were also formation of new compounds: 24-Norursa-3,12-dien-11-oneand O1ean-12-en-3-ol from the RPW. The study showed that the synthesized Mn3O4tZnO/Co3O4»anocomposite effectively degraded the selected organic pollutants and hence can be used as a facile and cost effective material for waste-water purification.
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    COMPUTATIONALANALYSISOF CONYECTIVE HEAT AND MASS TRANSFERIN A CASSONNANOFLUID OVER A VERTICAL RIGA PLATE
    (2025-10-12) TAIWO, MICHAEL ADESOLA
    ABSTRACT The dynamics of heat and mass transport of Cassonnan of luid hasbecomecentreofresearch in recent time due to its scientific and engineering applications in the petrochemical and metallurgical fields. This study examined the combined effects of some thermophysical parameters on Casson nanofluid over a vertical Riga plate. The equations of momentum, energy and mass describing the flow, heat and mass transfer were formulated and transformed into coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations using the similarity transformation method. The resulting self similar problems were solved using spectral collocation method. The impacts of associated pertinent parameters such as Hartmann number (M), Chemical reaction parameter (Cz),Thermal radiation (R),Soret number (Sz),Dufour number (Do), Eckert number (Ec), Prandtl number tPr), Schmidt number (Sc),thermophoretic number (It)ilnd Lewis number (I.n) were presented graphically on Velocity, Temperature and Concentration fields. The Skin frictionCJ!, Nusselt number (Nq) and Sherwood number (Sh) were presented in tabular form.The results showed that variationin the values of modifiedHartmannumber at 1.0 ñ M E 3.0 causedabrupt increase in the velocity profile in the vicinity of the Riga plate wall. The increase in the thermalradiationat 0.0ñRñ1.0andEckert number at 0.10ñEcñ1.12 wereobserved to increase thevelocity, temperature and the thermal condition of the fluid. Various values of Prandtlnumber within the range0.71ñPrE7.0 were foundto decrease the velocity and temperature profiles, indicating that at small values of Prandtl number, the fluid was more conductive while increase in thermal conductivity enhanced the velocity hydrodynamic boundary layer, temperature and thermal boundary layer thickness in the presenceofBrownianmotionparameter{Np)at4.0 ñ M E 12.0.Furthermore, enhancement in fi and Ec improved the Nusselt number which consequently increased the rate of heat transfer while the rate of mass transfer was boosted with various values of Sqand C.Thisstudyrevealed thatthe pertinent parameters improved theflow,heatand mass transport in Casson nanofluid over a vertical Riga plate.
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    INVESTIGATION OF RADONEXHALATION RATECORRELATIONS WITH SOIL TEXTURAL PARAMETER SANDRADIUM CONCENTRATION
    (2025-08-12) UMAR, Aininu
    ABSTRACT Radon ('2'Rn) is a naturally occurring radioactive gas formed in the decay series of '*‘U. It poses significant health risks due to its carcinogenic nature when inhaled, particularly at high concentrations in an enclosed environment. Indoor radon levels and radon exlialation rate are influenced by the concentrations of radon and radium in the soil and other physical parameters. Establishingcorrelationsbetweenthesoilparametersandradonexhalationratefromthesoilis crucial for assessing the potential health risk of indoor radon. This study investigated the correlation between"'Rnexhalation ratesand2°6Raconcentration ofdifferent soil textural classes within theFederal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB) inOdeda Local Government Area ofOgun State, Nigeria. Five locations having different soil textures wererandomly selected within FUNAAB. Two soil samplesof4 kgeachwerecollected 10 niapart ateach location using a soil auger for determinationof particle size distribution,"6Ra concentration, and"'Rn exhalation rates. Another setoftwosoilsamples werecollected perlocation using acoresampler to determine hydraulic conductivity, soil moisture retention, soil porosity, and bulk density.The texturalclassesofthesoilsamplesweredetermined usingthemechanical sievingmethodforthe particle size distribution test,while the hydraulic conductivity was determined using theconstant head method. The 222Rn surface and mass exhalation rates were measured using radon accumulationchambertechnique,and"Raactivityconcentrationwasdetermined usingNaI(TI) scintillationgamma-rayspectrometer. Theresultsoftheparticlesizedistributionclassified thesoil samples into four based ontheirrespective percentages ofsand,clayand silt:sandy(90.8, 5.2and 4.0),sandy loam (74.8-80.8, 13.2-17.2 and 6.0-8.0), loamy sand (82.8-86.8, 9.2 and 4.0-8.0) and sandy clay loam (60.4-60.8, 20.64-23.2 and 16-18.96). The loamy sand soils of fadama farm demonstrated the highest average hydraulic conductivity (0.02050 cm/s), while sandy clay loam soils presentedthelowest(0.00043cm/s)due to itsfinerparticlesize.Sandy clayloamwasfound iV to have the highest average of 2'6Ra concentration (237.55z31.37 Bq/kg) while loamy sandy of fadamafarmhasthelowest(96.93z29.96Bq/kg),attributabletoitshighercationexchange capacity.The average '22Rn mass (0.1056 Bqkp*1/i*1)and surface (4.4776 Bqm 'h’) exhalation rates from sandyclay loam were higher thanall theothersoil textures.These indicated thatareas with sandy clay loam soil could be prone to higher radon exhalations. Generally, the correlation of "'Rn mass and surface exhalation rates were strongly positive with "Ra concentrations (r = 0.7369;p=0.1773),positive withsoilmoistureretention(r=0.6020;p=0.0882)andporosity(r =0.4018;p—0.1326),negativewithbulkdensity(r=-0.4018;p=0.0681),andnegativewith hydraulicconductivity(r=-0.2771; p=0.0521).Theresults revealed that"Raconcentrationand soil moisture retention were the most important factors that influenced soil "'Rnexlialation rates asexemplifiedbysandyclayloamsoil;inthestudyarea.