EFFECT OF Petiveria alliacea EXTRACT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SEXED RABBIT CHALLENGED WITH Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract

Abstract Salmonellosis is a prevalent disease of rabbits that can produce epizootics of high mortality. Plant extracts remain a viable and inexhaustible source of antimicrobial. This study evaluates the effect of Petiveria alliacea extract on performance of sexed rabbit challenged with Salmonella typhimurium. A total of twenty- four mixed breed weaner rabbits (10 weeks old), comprising twelve (12) of male and female were challenged with 0.8ml (10¹³CFUml) of Salmonellatyphimurium and randomly allocated to varying levels of administration ((0.4ml enrofloxacin, 0.4ml and 0.8ml P. alliacea) via the peritoneal cavity. The experiment lasted for 10 weeks, data collected on performance indices, haematological indices, some serum metabolite, blood culture, blood oxidative parameter, faecal analysis and liver microbial were arranged in 2×3 factorial layout and analyzed using Generalized linear Model using SAS. Result showed that main effect of sex, administration of P. alliaceaextract and interaction between Sex and P. alliacea extract were not significantly different (p>0.05). However,packed cell volume, haemoglobin and red blood cell, eosinophiland basophil were significantly different at the effect of Sex meanwhile PCV, RBC, basophil, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin were significant different by the administration of P. alliacea extract and the interaction effect between Sex and P. alliacea has significant effect on the PCV, white blood cell, basophil, MCV and the MCH in haematological indices. In some serum metabolite, effect of sex had significant effect on total protein, globulin, creatinine and Urea respectively. Total protein, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphate, globulin, glucose and creatinine were significantly different by the administration of P. alliacea extract. Interaction effect between sex and P. alliacea extract has significant effect (p<0.05) on the Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Glucose, Creatinine and Urea. Blood Culture of Sex had significant (p<0.05) effect on colony forming unit (CFU) at final stage Also, it showed significant (p<0.05) effect in the CFU at the final stage of P. alliacea extract administration while in the interactive effect of Sex and P. alliacea showed no significant (p>0.05) effect on the colony forming unit (CFU). Furthermore, the oxidative parameter showed significant influence (p<0.05)effect on the glutathione peroxidase at the final stage of the interaction between Sex and P. alliacea administration. Faecal analysis was lowest at final day with the female recording highest value when compared the male across the days of collection. At 21st and 42nd the 0.4ml administration level was higher than the 0.8ml. Femalerecorded the highest value at control and 0.8ml administration of P. alliacea extract for the feacal analysis. Liver Microbial revealed that female recording highest value of total bacterial count while result showed that 0.4ml of P. alliacea administration recorded the highest value. The result shows that female record the highest value at 0.4ml P. alliacea administration. Hence, this study recommends the use of Petiveria alliacea extracts in treating the Salmonella infection in animal without any adverse effect on health status of the animal.