Thesis and Desertations

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://ir.funaab.edu.ng/handle/123456789/246

Browse

Browsing Thesis and Desertations by Title

Filter results by typing the first few letters
Now showing 1 - 20 of 493
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    A NOVEL GLUCOSE BIOSENSOR BASED ON SILVER NANOPARTICLE (AgNP) STABILIZED WITH SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE (NaTPP) CROSS-LINKED CHITOSAN: DIRECT ELECTRON TRANSFER AND ELECTROCATALYTIC ACTIVITY
    (2024-09-15) BAMIGBADE, Akeem Adesina
    Abstract The development of non-enzymatic glucose biosensor has been the concern of many researchers mainly because enzymes based sensor despite having excellent sensitivity and selectivity, has the limitations such as poor stability, complicated enzyme immobilization, critical operating conditions such as optimum temperature and reproducibility, which hinder the sensor properties. The prevalence of renal problem globally justifies the need for the development of non-enzymatic glucose biosensor that can effectively and accurately detect glucose in any medium which can be very effective to the detection and treatment of diabetes mellitus. This study has developed a biocompatible non-enzymatic glucose biosensor, Direct electron transfer and electro-catalytic activity of non-enzymatic glucose biosensor based on silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) stabilized with sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP) cross-linked chitosan was studied. Silver nanoparticle was prepared and characterized by Fourier transform Infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electro-catalytic activity of the synthesised AgNPs was investigated through potentiometric and amperometric techniques. The crystalline size of the AgNPs was revealed with XRD. The cubic face-centered structure of the synthesised silver nanoparticle was confirmed. This was supported by the observed sharp four diffraction peaks with peaks intense appearing at 2θ = 38.09°, 44.15°, 64.67°, and 77.54°. However, the SEM micrograph of the synthesised AgNPs revealed the spherical shape of AgNPs with a non-uniform granular shape attributed to bio-mediated ionic gelation process. The surface of the synthesised AgNPs has a spherical shape and slightly elongated with a big tendency to aggregate and form larger particle clusters. Whereas, FTIR spectra of AgNPs gave peaks at 1054 – 1645 cm-1 suggesting the presence of phosphonate linkages between ammonium, -NH3+ of chitosan and –PO32- moieties of NaTPP during cross linking process. The electro-catalytic oxidation of glucose at the electrode surface was examined and the mechanism involved in glucose oxidation was revealed. The silver nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode (AgNPGCE) showed a better electrochemical response towards glucose. This glucose sensor shows high sensitivity at +0.54 V. A low detection limit of 1.22 M taken the confident level to be 3, and wide linear range of 2 to 24 M with a correlation coefficient of 0.9987 were obtained. The calculated parameters revealed that AgNPs has shown better overall electrochemical performance with a response which is better than enzymatic biosensor. The fabricated AgNPs sensor shows comparable sensitivity (98%) of the initial value after it was kept in air for 8 days, demonstrating the very good sensitivity and durability of the glucose sensing. The good adhesion towards electrode and structural stability of AgNPs could be ascribed to long-term stability of AgNPs sensor. Based on these results, the AgNPGCE is a promising glucose biosensor candidate for excellent determination of glucose level in any medium.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    A PRPJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE COLLEGE OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
    (2024-08-26) RASHEED, YUSUF OLAWALE
    ABSTRACT Grass family is undoubtedly the most important plant family to mankind, agriculturally, economically and ecologically. This study evaluated the differences in chemical composition of the grasses, Brachiariaruziziensis, CenchruspurpureusandMegathyrsusmaximus. the grasses were cutback and harvested at 6 weeks from 15cm above ground level. The experiment was subjected to one-way ANOVA with three replicates. The statistical analysis was analyzed using the standard methods outlined by AOAC (1995). The significant means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range of SAS (1999) package. The chemical composition of these grasses were significant differences in Crude Protein (CP), ash, Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) while, the estimated forage quality indices of these grasses were significant differences in Organic Matter (OM) and Metabolizable energy (ME). The higher CP in B. ruziziensis and C. purpureus and the lower value of CP in M. maximus is due to the genetic and environmental factors while, the higher ash content in both C. purpureusand M. maximus lower ash content in B. ruziziensis. B. ruziziensisand C. purpureushad higher CP content compared to M. maximus. Brachiariaruziziensis and C. purpureusare recommended as suitable options for ruminant diets while M. maximuscanbe used in combination with other forages.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    ADDITION OF WILD BASIL LEAF POWDER AND ENSILING DURATION ON THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FERMENTATION QUALITY OF CENCHRUS PURPUREUSSILAGE
    (2024-11-15) MAJEKODUNMI, ABDUL-QADIR OLUGBENGA
    ABSTRACT This study investigates the effects of wild basil (Ocimum basilicum) leaf powder inclusion and ensiling duration on the physical characteristics and fermentation quality of Cenchrus purpureus silage. The research aimed to assess how varying inclusion rates of wild basil (0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, and 8%) at different ensiling durations (3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks) influence key silage parameters. Results indicated that wild basil inclusion did not independently affect the colour, odour, moisture, or moldiness of the silage; however, the interaction between inclusion rates and storage duration had significant impacts. The colour of the silage was better preserved with 4% and 8% wild basil inclusion at 9 weeks, likely due to the antioxidant properties of basil. Moldiness decreased over time, particularly at higher basil concentrations, suggesting antifungal properties. The study also found that the highest dry matter contentwith 8% inclusionat 3 weeks and lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid levels at 3 weeks were achieved with 0% and 1% wild basil inclusion, enhancing overall silage quality. Ammonia concentrations were reduced, and the Fleigh score, a measure of silage quality was highest at 8% wild basil inclusion at 6 weeks, indicating superior preservation and fermentation quality. The findings suggest that while wild basil does not alter the physical characteristics of silage alone, its interaction with storage duration can significantly enhance silage quality, particularly in terms of mold reduction, colour preservation, and fermentation efficiency.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    ADERIYE, KEHINDE SAMSON OLUSOLA
    (2025-03-17) ADERIYA, KEHINDE SAMSON OLUSOLA
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    AGRO–MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION AND INTER-CHARACTER RELATIONSHIP AMONG TWENTY ACCESSIONS OF TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
    (2025-07-03) OLALEYE, MONSURAT OLAJUMOKE
    ABSTRACT Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a vital crop worldwide, valued for its economic and nutritional importance. Information on genetic contribution and inter-character relationship between fruit yield and agro-morphological traits of twenty accessions of tomatoes is needed for improvement of tomato, hence this study was conducted. The research was carried out at Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta Ogun state (07° 20’N, 03° 23’°E) in April 2024 to July 2024 (early season) and July 2024 to November 2024 (late season). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replicates. Data were collected on number of days to emergence, number of days to flowering, number of days to maturity, number of fruits, stem girth (mm), peduncle length (cm), fruit length (cm), fruit width (cm) and fruit weight (g). Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), significant means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% probability level, Genotypic and Phenotypic variance, Heritability (Broad sense), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and genotypic, phenotypic and environmental coefficient correlation were evaluated. In early season, accessions were significantly different from one another for days to maturity and number of fruits at (P≤0.01). In late season, accessions were significantly different from one another for days to flowering and days to maturity (at P≤0.01). Mean separation showed that accessions NHTO 0347 and NHTO 0258 in early season and accessions NHTO 0254 and NHTO 0355 in late season had the highest fruit traits. For early season, the phenotypic coefficient variation ranged from 22.44 for days to emergence to 546.37 for fruit weight while genotypic coefficient variation ranged from 9.48 for days to emergence to137.94 for number of fruits. High heritability was recorded for days to emergence, days to flowering, days to maturity, peduncle length, and fruit length. For late season, phenotypic coefficient variation ranged from 7.90 for days to maturity to 194.46 for fruit length while genotypic coefficient variation ranged from 7.47 for days to emergence to 166.14 for fruit length. All traits had high heritability in late season. For the principal component analysis (PCA), the eigen values were greater than one in both seasons and cumulatively accounted for 72.98% and 64.22% of the total variation for early and late seasons, respectively. Fruit weight was the highest contributor in both seasons for first principal component. There were significant positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation between days to maturity and days to emergence, days to maturity and days to flowering, number of fruits and stem girth, fruit weight and fruit width. In conclusion, significant genetic variation exists among the tomato accessions evaluated for days to flowering, days to maturity and number of fruits. The positive significant correlation between two traits would facilitate selection and simultaneous improvement, particularly for economically important traits. Accessions NHTO 0347 and NHTO 0258 in early season and accessions NHTO 0254 and NHTO 0355 in late season could be used as parents in breeding programme.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    AN OPTIMIZED PERSONALITY RECOGNITION MODEL FOR SOCIAL MEDIA USERS
    (2025-06-15) ADEBIYI, BUKOLA TAIBAT
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    AN OPTIMIZED SERVERS' CONTROL AND CONGESTION AVOIDANCE MODEL FOR QUEUE NETWORK
    (2024-11-25) GBADEBO, ADEGBUYI DAVID
    ABSTRACT Researches on optimal control of servers in queue networks are enormous in literature but none of these had considered congestion control and servers' optimality concurrently. Since congestion control is a major factor in queue network management, the need to maintain a balance between servers' optimality and congestion control had become necessary. This study proposed a Fuzzy-Treap Based Servers' Optimal Control System (FTBSOCS) which is a dual model comprising of a fuzzy-based system and a Treap-based system implemented to minimize cost of servers' usage and customers’ losses due to congestion. Fuzzy logic was adopted to ensure optimal usage of available servers by applying a fuzzy rule-based method. This method was used to derive a fuzzified decision index which determined servers' deployment pattern. The Treap-based system was used to prevent network congestion by ensuring that customers arriving the queue network when it is saturated are managed to avoid dropping or starvation by transmitting them to a tree manager, from where they are re-transmitted for service upon the availability of an idle server. The FTBSOCS was benchmarked with Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), ANFIS-M/M/α and ANFIS-Treap. OMNeT++ was used as the simulation framework while dataset were randomly generated which served as input to the methods. With the inclusion of fuzzy logic in FTBSOCS, results indicated that average servers’ deployment was 21, 19, 15 and 16 for ANFIS, ANFIS-Treap, FTBSOCS and ANFIS-M/M/α respectively when there were 12K, 24K, 36K, 48K and 60K customers in the network. This implied that the inclusion of fuzzy logic in FTBSOCS had minimized servers’ deployment. The average of percentage utilization of available servers was 21.6%, 18.4%, 17.2% and 15.3% for FTBSOCS, ANFIS, ANFIS-M/M/α and ANFIS-Treap respectively with 12K, 24K, 36K, 48K and 60K customers in the network, indicating that FTBSOCS optimizes servers’ usage than the other methods. The average network throughput was 63.7Mbps, 63.4Mbps, 59.2 Mbps and 52.6 Mbps for ANFIS-M/M/α, FTBSOCS, ANFIS-Treap and ANFIS respectively with 12K, 24K, 36K, 48K and 60K customers in the network. This shows that ANFIS-M/M/α had a comparative performance of < 0.5% over FTBSOCS while a comparative performance of 2.9% and 4.2% existed for FTBSOCS over ANFIS-Treap and ANFIS respectively. The average number of customers dropped was approximately 204kb, 185kb, 165kb and 17kb for ANFIS, ANFIS-Treap, ANFIS-M/M/α and FTBSOCS respectively with 12K, 24K, 36K and 48K customers in the network indicating that FTBSOCS had < 2% of the overall number of customers’ dropped. The average propagation delay was 29.5, 26.3, 13.4 and 13.3 nanoseconds for ANFIS-M/M/α, ANFIS-Treap, FTBSOCS and ANFIS respectively with 12K, 24K, 36K, 48K and 60K customers in the network. This indicated that FTBSOCS had a slightly worse performance of < 0.3% to ANFIS while FTBSOCS had a comparative performance of about 10.8% and 13.4% over ANFISM/M/α and ANFIS-Treap respectively. With these results, it was concluded that FTBSOCS was more optimal in the control of servers and congestion in queue network.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    ANALYSIS OF CHILDOOD PHARYNGTIS MORBIDITY, INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND DOMESTIC PRACTICES IN MODERN AND TRADITIONAL AREAS OF IWO TOWN NIGERIA
    (2025-06-11) OKUNOLA, abidemi yemi
    ABSTRACT Childhood respiratory diseases arecaused bypathogensbutcommonly induced by exposuretoair pollutants.This studyexaminedthe contributionof indoorair qualityand domesticpractices to themorbidity ofchildhood pharyngitisinIwotown, Southwest Nigeria. Atotalofeightresidential (four modern and four traditional) areas were sampled using stratified random method. One hundred and twenty households were randomly sampled across the eight residential areas for indoor air quality monitoring. Aeroqual gas analyzer (S-300) was used to measure the level of indoorairpollutants[particulatematter(PMO.andPMto),carbon monoxide(CO),methane(CH4), nitrogen dioxide (NOz), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), sulphur dioxide (SOz) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)] in indoorenvironment. Clinicalcasesofpharyngitis reportedbypatients aged 0 — 15 years (2019 — 2023) in Iwo were collected from the General Hospital. Additionally, 120 copies of structured questionnaire were administered randomly to children and care-giver in the sampled households to obtain information on housing condition, energy use, manifestation and management of pharyngitis. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools (SPSS 23.0). Results obtained indicated that the mean concentrationsof indoor air quality across the residential areas ranged between 18.45z9.20 to 44.04+24.23 pg/m(PMz.s), 34.38z27.03to82.42z32.79qg/m3(PMie),50.8117.26to124.30+137.11mg/m3(CO), 44.54z37.76to159.96+197.78mg/m3(CHP,),0.l5z0.07to0.29z0.06IIlg/m(NOz),0.09+0.13to 0.28z0.29mg/m’(H2S),0.04z0.07to0.l2A0.12mg/m^(SO2),and195.30z75.55to 453.19z683.53qg/m3 (VOCs). There were significant (p<0.05) spatial variations in the levels of the selected pollutants except NO2. Exceedances were observed in the concentrations of indoor PM2.5CO, NO2, SO2 and VOCs in all sampled areas compared to the WHO limits. The concentrationsofCHPandPMloexceededtheacceptablelimitsin75—87%oftheareas.Similarly, temporal variations(p < 0.05) were observedinthe levels of PMio (four residentialareas), PM2.5 (threeareas),COandNO2(twoareas),H2SandVOCs(oneareaeach).PMzsandPMiohad significant (p <0.05) positive correlation with CO (r = 0.278 — 0.400), CN4 (8' 0.184),SO2(r= 0.183 — 0.244) and VOC(r = 0.220 — 0.293).Dustre-suspension, fossil fuel emission, biomass fuelcombustionanddecompositionoforganicmatterwereidentifiedasmajorsourcesof pollutants. The distributionof pharyngitis casesshowed higher prevalence among children aged 0 5years(74.1%),andmales(51.5%).ThehotspotsofcasesincludedOjaale(12.0%),Feesu (10.0%), andPanada(9.6%) inthestudylocation.Thepeakofpharyngitis was observed inJanuary (200 cases) followedbyDecember(192 cases) from2019— 2023. Use of biomassfuel wasthe majorindependentpredictorofpharyngitiswithsignificantoddratio(OR=4.32,p<0.05), followedby living inmudhouses (OR= 3.09) and rooms with more than three occupants(OR = 2.66).Thisstudyrevealedthat,poorairqualityarisingfrombiomass fueluseintraditionalhouses aggravatedpharyngitismorbidityamongchildreninthestudyarea.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    ANALYSIS OF CONTROLED SELF-EXCITED INDUCTION GENERATOR
    (2023-06-20) OLANIPEKUN AYORINDE JOSEPH
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION IN NIGERIA
    (2025-06-24) OKOYE, CLETUS UCHE
    ABSTRACT Electric power generation in Nigeria is grossly inadequate, leading to high electricity supply-demand imbalance and consequently, low productivity. This study analysed the Nigerian electric power generation from 2004 to 2020. A statistical model was developed, evaluated and used to forecast monthly power generation in Nigeria from 2021 to 2030. In carrying out this research, a 17- year monthly generated power (2004-2020) data were collected from the National Control Centre, Osogbo, Nigeria while the corresponding weather data which include temperature, relative humidity, evaporation, rainfall and sunshine were obtained from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency, Abuja, Nigeria. The time series power generation dataset was tested for stationarity using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test. The dataset was differenced for ADF statistics higher than the critical values and the P-value of 0.05 to remove trend, seasonality and outliers that account for its non-stationarity to improve the model accuracy. Six stochastic time series models comprising seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA), seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous variables (SARIMAX), Prophet, exponential smoothing state space (ETS), long short-term memory (LSTM) and hybrid SARIMA-LSTM were developed and evaluated. Eighty percent of the 2004-2019 data was used for model training while twenty percent of 2019-2020 data was used for testing. The accuracy of the models was assessed using three metrics which are mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean square error (MSE) and coefficient of determination (R²) score. Python software tool was used to further authenticate the models. Parameters of the models were estimated using maximum likelihood method. The results of the model evaluation and diagnostic checks showed that SARIMA (0, 1, 1) (0, 1, 1) (12) model fit yielded the lowest MAPE of 20.84% and MSE of 17, 975.47; indicating that it best captured the trend and seasonality of the dataset. An R² score of 0.2259 for the SARIMA model, while low, is still positive and acceptable. The SARIMAX model with MAPE, MSE and R2 score of 26.56%, 24,346.47 and -0.4200, respectively, performed less effectively compared to SARIMA model, despite the addition of exogenous variables. This suggests that the exogenous variables might not significantly enhance the power generation forecast or that a more optimised configuration is needed. The ETS, LSTM, Prophet and hybrid SARIMA-LSTM models had MAPE of 25.52, 33.31, 25.11 and 56.01%; MSE of 336,553.46, 460,134,500.24, 305,422,656.96 and 679,097,189.60; R² scores of -0.0087, -0.1872, -0.0850 and 0.0562, respectively. The relatively high error in ETS, Prophet, LSTM and SARIMA-LSTM models indicates that they could not handle the data's monthly seasonality and trends. The SARIMA (0,1 1) (0,1,1) (12) model, therefore, proved useful for forecasting future power needs of Nigeria, having performed best across all metrics and capturing the linear trend and seasonality effectively. The forecasted power generation ranged from 100,045.222 MW in January 1, 2021 to 124,354.978 MW in December 1, 2030. This study has shown that the developed SARIMA model can be appropriately deployed in analysing the electric power needs of Nigeria for strategic energy planning and development of power generation infrastructure.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION IN NIGERIA
    (2025-12-20) OKOYE, CLETUS UCHE